Human Gene LGALS9 (ENST00000395473.7) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens galectin 9 (LGALS9), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_009587)
RefSeq Summary (NM_009587): The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000395473.7
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000168961.17
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr17:27,631,188-27,649,560 Size: 18,373 Total Exon Count: 11 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr17:27,631,266-27,648,982 Size: 17,717 Coding Exon Count: 11 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDRNA-Seq Expression
Microarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA Descriptions
PathwaysOther NamesMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr17:27,631,188-27,649,560)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (355 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
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HGNCHPRDLynxMalacardsMGIneXtProt
OMIMPubMedReactomeUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: LEG9_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Galectin-9; Short=Gal-9; AltName: Full=Ecalectin; AltName: Full=Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21;
FUNCTION: Binds galactosides. Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide. May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. Inhibits cell proliferation. It is a ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3. Induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death. Isoform Short acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant.
SUBUNIT: Monomer (Probable).
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm (By similarity). Secreted (By similarity). Note=May also be secreted by a non-classical secretory pathway (By similarity).
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphatic tissues. Overexpressed in Hodgkin disease tissue.
DOMAIN: Contains two homologous but distinct carbohydrate-binding domains.
SIMILARITY: Contains 2 galectin domains.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Functional Glycomics Gateway - Glycan Binding; Note=Galectin-9; URL="http://www.functionalglycomics.org/glycomics/GBPServlet?&operationType=view&cbpId=cbp_hum_Stlect_00120";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 60.20 RPKM in Spleen
Total median expression: 474.00 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -20.1078-0.258 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -234.40578-0.406 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR008985 - ConA-like_lec_gl_sf
IPR013320 - ConA-like_subgrp
IPR001079 - Galectin_CRD

Pfam Domains:
PF00337 - Galactoside-binding lectin

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
2EAK - X-ray MuPIT 2EAL - X-ray MuPIT 2YY1 - X-ray MuPIT 2ZHK - X-ray MuPIT 2ZHL - X-ray MuPIT 2ZHM - X-ray MuPIT 2ZHN - X-ray MuPIT 3LSD - X-ray MuPIT 3LSE - X-ray MuPIT 3NV1 - X-ray MuPIT 3NV2 - X-ray MuPIT 3NV3 - X-ray MuPIT 3NV4 - X-ray MuPIT


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O00182
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-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
MGIRGD    
Protein SequenceProtein Sequence    
AlignmentAlignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005534 galactose binding
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
GO:0030246 carbohydrate binding
GO:0048030 disaccharide binding

Biological Process:
GO:0002376 immune system process
GO:0002519 natural killer cell tolerance induction
GO:0006935 chemotaxis
GO:0006954 inflammatory response
GO:0007565 female pregnancy
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0032682 negative regulation of chemokine production
GO:0032689 negative regulation of interferon-gamma production
GO:0032720 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032753 positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
GO:0032834 positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
GO:0038066 p38MAPK cascade
GO:0043123 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0043305 negative regulation of mast cell degranulation
GO:0045953 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0046007 negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation
GO:0046598 positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
GO:0050718 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
GO:0051092 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
GO:0060135 maternal process involved in female pregnancy
GO:0070241 positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
GO:0070371 ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070555 response to interleukin-1
GO:0071346 cellular response to interferon-gamma
GO:0071636 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
GO:0071639 positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
GO:0098586 cellular response to virus
GO:1901224 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:1902715 positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion
GO:1904469 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion
GO:2000484 positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion
GO:2000510 positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
GO:2000562 negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:2000563 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:2000667 positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion
GO:2000670 positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
GO:2000778 positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion
GO:2001181 positive regulation of interleukin-10 secretion
GO:2001184 positive regulation of interleukin-12 secretion
GO:2001190 positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
GO:2001200 positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
GO:2001269 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:0032673 regulation of interleukin-4 production
GO:0032674 regulation of interleukin-5 production
GO:0034134 toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
GO:0034142 toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
GO:0097029 mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation
GO:1900744 regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005622 intracellular
GO:0005634 nucleus
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005829 cytosol


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK126017 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ44029 fis, clone TESTI4027557, highly similar to Galectin-9.
AK223232 - Homo sapiens mRNA for galectin 9 short isoform variant, clone: STM01487.
AB006782 - Homo sapiens mRNA for galectin-9 isoform, complete cds.
AB005894 - Homo sapiens mRNA for ecalectin, complete cds.
AK301624 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ52790 complete cds, highly similar to Galectin-9.
BC110340 - Homo sapiens lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:117375 IMAGE:5760999), complete cds.
JD361000 - Sequence 342024 from Patent EP1572962.
Z49107 - H.sapiens mRNA for galectin.
AK296031 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ52505 complete cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble 9, transcript variant short, mRNA.
JD146529 - Sequence 127553 from Patent EP1572962.
BC105942 - Homo sapiens lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:125973 IMAGE:40031795), complete cds.
BC105944 - Homo sapiens lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:125974 IMAGE:40031802), complete cds.
AB003517 - Homo sapiens HUAT mRNA for urate transporter/channel protein, complete cds.
AB008492 - Homo sapiens HUAT mRNA for urate transporter isoform, complete cds.
KJ891546 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_00940 LGALS9 gene, encodes complete protein.
BC034392 - Homo sapiens lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:5192600), with apparent retained intron.
AK097892 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ40573 fis, clone THYMU2006610.
JD476346 - Sequence 457370 from Patent EP1572962.
JD426050 - Sequence 407074 from Patent EP1572962.
JD452126 - Sequence 433150 from Patent EP1572962.
JD539478 - Sequence 520502 from Patent EP1572962.
JD520973 - Sequence 501997 from Patent EP1572962.
JD452892 - Sequence 433916 from Patent EP1572962.
JD455517 - Sequence 436541 from Patent EP1572962.
JD147810 - Sequence 128834 from Patent EP1572962.
JD306577 - Sequence 287601 from Patent EP1572962.
JD453044 - Sequence 434068 from Patent EP1572962.
JD449881 - Sequence 430905 from Patent EP1572962.
JD367984 - Sequence 349008 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein O00182 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-5340385 HAVCR2 binds LGALS9
R-HSA-451927 Interleukin-2 family signaling
R-HSA-449147 Signaling by Interleukins
R-HSA-1280215 Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-168256 Immune System

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: A7VJG6, ENST00000395473.1, ENST00000395473.2, ENST00000395473.3, ENST00000395473.4, ENST00000395473.5, ENST00000395473.6, LEG9_HUMAN, NM_009587, O00182, O14532, O75028, Q3B8N1, Q53FQ0, Q9NQ58, uc002gzp.1, uc002gzp.2, uc002gzp.3, uc002gzp.4, uc002gzp.5
UCSC ID: ENST00000395473.7
RefSeq Accession: NM_009587
Protein: O00182 (aka LEG9_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS11222.1

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.