Human Gene GRP (ENST00000256857.7) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_002091)
RefSeq Summary (NM_002091): This gene encodes a member of the bombesin-like family of gastrin-releasing peptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate two peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin-C. These peptides regulate numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation. These peptides are also likely to play a role in human cancers of the lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, breast, and prostate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000256857.7
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000134443.10
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr18:59,220,158-59,230,771 Size: 10,614 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr18:59,220,266-59,230,468 Size: 10,203 Coding Exon Count: 3 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
RNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO Annotations
mRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr18:59,220,158-59,230,771)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (148 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGencodeGeneCards
HGNCHPRDLynxMalacardsMGIneXtProt
OMIMPubMedReactomeUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: GRP_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Gastrin-releasing peptide; Short=GRP; Contains: RecName: Full=Neuromedin-C; AltName: Full=GRP-10; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: GRP stimulates gastrin release as well as other gastrointestinal hormones. Operates as a negative feedback regulating fear and established a causal relationship between GRP- receptor gene expression, long-term potentiation, and amygdala- dependent memory for fear (By similarity).
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bombesin/neuromedin-B/ranatensin family.
SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=AAA52612.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Gastrin-releasing peptide entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrin_releasing_peptide";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: GRP
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: duodenal ulcer (12), lung cancer (9), neuroendocrine tumor (8), zollinger-ellison syndrome (7), small cell cancer of the lung, somatic (6), prostate cancer (5), small cell carcinoma (4), diffuse pulmonary fibrosis (3), pancreatic cancer (3), lung disease (3), tracheal cancer (3), splenic tuberculosis (3), medullary thyroid carcinoma, familial (3), anencephaly (2), pulmonary hypertension (2), lung meningioma (2), paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (2), urinary bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (2), retinitis pigmentosa 35 (2), male reproductive organ cancer (2), colorectal cancer (1), bardet-biedl syndrome 15 (1), duodenal gastrinoma (1), reproductive organ cancer (1), pancreatic gastrinoma (1)

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 2.32 RPKM in Testis
Total median expression: 20.13 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -40.00108-0.370 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -55.10303-0.182 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR000874 - Bombesin
IPR015674 - Gastrin-RP

Pfam Domains:
PF02044 - Bombesin-like peptide

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P07492
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
MGIRGDEnsembl   
Protein SequenceProtein SequenceProtein Sequence   
AlignmentAlignmentAlignment   

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005102 receptor binding
GO:0005184 neuropeptide hormone activity

Biological Process:
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0035176 social behavior
GO:0036343 psychomotor behavior
GO:0043207 response to external biotic stimulus
GO:0090277 positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion
GO:1900738 positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle
GO:0034774 secretory granule lumen


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK307264 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ97212.
HM005416 - Homo sapiens clone HTL-T-103 testicular tissue protein Li 103 mRNA, complete cds.
BC004488 - Homo sapiens gastrin-releasing peptide, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:10712 IMAGE:3936083), complete cds.
JD462786 - Sequence 443810 from Patent EP1572962.
JD364920 - Sequence 345944 from Patent EP1572962.
K02054 - Human gastrin-releasing peptide mRNA, complete cds.
JD383801 - Sequence 364825 from Patent EP1572962.
DQ893451 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100006081; FLH191321.01X; RZPDo839B1277D gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) gene, encodes complete protein.
DQ896223 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100010683; FLH191317.01L; RZPDo839B1267D gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) gene, encodes complete protein.
AB528662 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB6766, Homo sapiens GRP gene for gastrin-releasing peptide, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
KJ891304 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_00698 GRP gene, encodes complete protein.
AB102889 - Homo sapiens GRP mRNA for gastrin-releasing peptide nirs variant 1, complete cds.
BT006803 - Homo sapiens gastrin-releasing peptide mRNA, complete cds.
M12550 - Human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) mRNA, partial cds.
JD223989 - Sequence 205013 from Patent EP1572962.
JD248926 - Sequence 229950 from Patent EP1572962.
JD039360 - Sequence 20384 from Patent EP1572962.
JD047020 - Sequence 28044 from Patent EP1572962.
JD511756 - Sequence 492780 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
hsa04080 - Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P07492 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-375384 Bombesin-like receptors bind bombesin homologues
R-HSA-749452 The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates
R-HSA-749448 Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq
R-HSA-379048 Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
R-HSA-375276 Peptide ligand-binding receptors
R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-373076 Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: ENST00000256857.1, ENST00000256857.2, ENST00000256857.3, ENST00000256857.4, ENST00000256857.5, ENST00000256857.6, GRP_HUMAN, NM_002091, P07491, P07492, P81553, Q14454, Q53YA0, Q9BSY7, uc002lhv.1, uc002lhv.2, uc002lhv.3, uc002lhv.4, uc002lhv.5
UCSC ID: ENST00000256857.7
RefSeq Accession: NM_002091
Protein: P07492 (aka GRP_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS11971.1, CCDS45877.1

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.