Human Gene HMGA1 (ENST00000447654.5) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1), transcript variant 3, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_145901) RefSeq Summary (NM_145901): This gene encodes a chromatin-associated protein involved in the regulation of gene transcription, integration of retroviruses into chromosomes, and the metastatic progression of cancer cells. The encoded protein preferentially binds to the minor groove of AT-rich regions in double-stranded DNA. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000447654.5 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000137309.21 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr6:34,236,873-34,246,230 Size: 9,358 Total Exon Count: 5 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg38 chr6:34,240,781-34,244,884 Size: 4,104 Coding Exon Count: 4
ID:HMGA1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=High mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y; Short=HMG-I(Y); AltName: Full=High mobility group AT-hook protein 1; Short=High mobility group protein A1; AltName: Full=High mobility group protein R; FUNCTION: HMG-I/Y bind preferentially to the minor groove of A+T rich regions in double stranded DNA. It is suggested that these proteins could function in nucleosome phasing and in the 3'-end processing of mRNA transcripts. They are also involved in the transcription regulation of genes containing, or in close proximity to A+T-rich regions. SUBUNIT: Interacts with HIPK2 (By similarity). Interacts with HIV- 1 pre-integration complex. INTERACTION: Q96LA8:PRMT6; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-746854, EBI-912440; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. PTM: Constitutively phosphorylated on two or three sites. Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR. Hyperphosphorylated at early stages of apoptosis, followed by dephosphorylation and methylation, which coincides with chromatin condensation. Isoforms HMG-I and HMG-Y can be phosphorylated by HIPK2. Phosphorylation of HMG-I at Ser-36, Thr-53 and Thr-78 and of HMG-Y at Thr-42 and Thr-67 by HIPK2 modulates DNA-binding affinity. PTM: HMG-Y is not methylated. PTM: Methylation at Arg-58 is mutually exclusive with methylation at Arg-60. MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=11750; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Range=2-107 (P17096-1); Note=With 1 acetyl and 2 phosphate groups; Source=PubMed:15302935; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=11828; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Range=2-107 (P17096-1); Note=With 1 acetyl and 3 phosphate groups; Source=PubMed:15302935; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=11765; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Range=2-107 (P17096-1); Note=With 1 acetyl, 1 methyl and 2 phosphate groups; Source=PubMed:15302935; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=11844; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Range=2-107 (P17096-1); Note=With 1 acetyl, 1 methyl and 3 phosphate groups; Source=PubMed:15302935; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=11780; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Range=2-107 (P17096-1); Note=With 1 acetyl, 2 methyl and 2 phosphate groups; Source=PubMed:15302935; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=11858; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Range=2-107 (P17096-1); Note=With 1 acetyl, 2 methyl and 3 phosphate groups; Source=PubMed:15302935; DISEASE: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA1 is found in pulmonary chondroid hamartoma. Translocation t(6;14)(p21;q23-24) with RAD51B. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HMGA family. SIMILARITY: Contains 3 A.T hook DNA-binding domains. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/HMGIYID221.html";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P17096
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
