Human Gene TXNRD2 (ENST00000400521.7) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens thioredoxin reductase 2 (TXNRD2), transcript variant 1, mRNA; nuclear gene for mitochondrial product. (from RefSeq NM_006440) RefSeq Summary (NM_006440): The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, including a few localized in the cytosol and some lacking the C-terminal Sec residue, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000400521.7 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000184470.21 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr22:19,875,522-19,941,818 Size: 66,297 Total Exon Count: 18 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg38 chr22:19,877,105-19,941,803 Size: 64,699 Coding Exon Count: 17
ID:TRXR2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial; EC=1.8.1.9; AltName: Full=Selenoprotein Z; Short=SelZ; AltName: Full=TR-beta; AltName: Full=Thioredoxin reductase TR3; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. Implicated in the defenses against oxidative stress. May play a role in redox- regulated cell signaling. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Thioredoxin + NADP(+) = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH. COFACTOR: FAD (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Homodimer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in the prostate, ovary, liver, testis, uterus, colon and small intestine. Intermediate levels in brain, skeletal muscle, heart and spleen. Low levels in placenta, pancreas, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. According to PubMed:10608886, high levels in kidney, whereas according to PubMed:9923614, levels are low. MISCELLANEOUS: The active site is a redox-active disulfide bond. The selenocysteine residue is essential for enzymatic activity (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=AAD25167.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Sequence=AAG47635.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=523; Note=Translated as Sec;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q9NNW7
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0004791 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0009055 electron carrier activity GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity GO:0016668 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor GO:0050660 flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
Biological Process: GO:0000305 response to oxygen radical GO:0022900 electron transport chain GO:0034599 cellular response to oxidative stress GO:0045454 cell redox homeostasis GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process GO:0098869 cellular oxidant detoxification
Protein Q9NNW7 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
R-HSA-3323050 TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH R-HSA-3299685 Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species R-HSA-2262752 Cellular responses to stress R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to external stimuli
US Server
