Human Gene GDF5 (ENST00000374372.1) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_001319138) RefSeq Summary (NM_001319138): This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein regulates the development of numerous tissue and cell types, including cartilage, joints, brown fat, teeth, and the growth of neuronal axons and dendrites. Mutations in this gene are associated with acromesomelic dysplasia, brachydactyly, chondrodysplasia, multiple synostoses syndrome, proximal symphalangism, and susceptibility to osteoarthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000374372.1 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000125965.9 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr20:35,433,347-35,454,746 Size: 21,400 Total Exon Count: 4 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg38 chr20:35,433,909-35,437,928 Size: 4,020 Coding Exon Count: 2
ID:GDF5_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Growth/differentiation factor 5; Short=GDF-5; AltName: Full=Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1; Short=CDMP-1; AltName: Full=Radotermin; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Could be involved in bone and cartilage formation. Chondrogenic signaling is mediated by the high-affinity receptor BMPR1B. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked (By similarity). Interacts with serine proteases, HTRA1 and HTRA3 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Predominantly expressed in long bones during embryonic development. DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 are the cause of acromesomelic chondrodysplasia Grebe type (AMDG) [MIM:200700]. Acromesomelic chondrodysplasias are rare hereditary skeletal disorders characterized by short stature, very short limbs, and hand/foot malformations. The severity of limb abnormalities increases from proximal to distal with profoundly affected hands and feet showing brachydactyly and/or rudimentary fingers (knob-like fingers). AMDG is an autosomal recessive form characterized by normal axial skeletons and missing or fused skeletal elements within the hands and feet. DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 are the cause of acromesomelic chondrodysplasia Hunter-Thompson type (AMDH) [MIM:201250]. AMDH is an autosomal recessive form of dwarfism. Patients have limb abnormalities, with the middle and distal segments being most affected and the lower limbs more affected than the upper. AMDH is characterized by normal axial skeletons and missing or fused skeletal elements within the hands and feet. DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 are the cause of brachydactyly type C (BDC) [MIM:113100]. BDC is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an abnormal shortness of the fingers and toes. Note=Some BDC patients with GDF5 mutations also manifest clinical features of ASPED angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia (ASPED), an autosomal dominant skeletal abnormality characterized by a typical angel-shaped phalanx, brachydactyly, specific radiological findings, abnormal dentition, hip dysplasia, and delayed bone age. This suggests that BDC and ASPED are part of the same clinical spectrum (PubMed:22828468). DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 are the cause of Du Pan syndrome (DPS) [MIM:228900]; also known as fibular hypoplasia and complex brachydactyly. Du Pan syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by absence of the fibulae and severe acromesomelic limb shortening with small, non-functional toes. Although milder, the phenotype resembles the autosomal recessive Hunter-Thompson and Grebe types of acromesomelic chondrodysplasia. DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 are a cause of symphalangism proximal syndrome (SYM1) [MIM:185800]. SYM1 is characterized by the hereditary absence of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints (Cushing symphalangism). Severity of PIP joint involvement diminishes towards the radial side. Distal interphalangeal joints are less frequently involved and metacarpophalangeal joints are rarely affected whereas carpal bone malformation and fusion are common. In the lower extremities, tarsal bone coalition is common. Conducive hearing loss is seen and is due to fusion of the stapes to the petrous part of the temporal bone. DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 are the cause of multiple synostoses syndrome type 2 (SYNS2) [MIM:610017]. Multiple synostoses syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by progressive joint fusions of the fingers, wrists, ankles and cervical spine, characteristic facies and progressive conductive deafness. DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 are a cause of brachydactyly type A2 (BDA2) [MIM:112600]. Brachydactylies (BDs) are a group of inherited malformations characterized by shortening of the digits due to abnormal development of the phalanges and/or the metacarpals. They have been classified on an anatomic and genetic basis into five groups, A to E, including three subgroups (A1 to A3) that usually manifest as autosomal dominant traits. DISEASE: Genetic variations in GDF5 are associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis type 5 (OS5) [MIM:612400]. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by degradation of the hyaline articular cartilage and remodeling of the subchondral bone with sclerosis. Clinical symptoms include pain and joint stiffness often leading to significant disability and joint replacement. DISEASE: Defects in GDF5 may be a cause of brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1) [MIM:112500]. Brachydactylies (BDs) are a group of inherited malformations characterized by shortening of the digits due to abnormal development of the phalanges and/or the metacarpals. They have been classified on an anatomic and genetic basis into five groups, A to E, including three subgroups (A1 to A3) that usually manifest as autosomal dominant traits. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/GDF5"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=GDF5 entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF5";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P43026
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
