Human Gene TNF (ENST00000376122.3) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_000594)
RefSeq Summary (NM_000594): This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000376122.3
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000204490.3
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr6_GL000251v2_alt:3,052,854-3,055,623 Size: 2,770 Total Exon Count: 4 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr6_GL000251v2_alt:3,053,029-3,054,824 Size: 1,796 Coding Exon Count: 4 

Page IndexSequence and LinksPrimersMalaCardsCTDMicroarray Expression
RNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathways
Other NamesMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr6_GL000251v2_alt:3,052,854-3,055,623)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (233 aa)
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-  Primer design for this transcript
 

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-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: TNF
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: migraine with or without aura 1* (395), asthma* (362), malaria* (273), asthma susceptibility, tnf-related* (100), arthritis (79), psoriatic arthritis (42), toxic shock syndrome (42), chorioamnionitis (36), synovitis (33), rheumatic disease (33), pulmonary sarcoidosis (31), cardiac sarcoidosis (30), colitis (28), alcoholic hepatitis (27), spondylarthropathy (25), lymphadenitis (24), listeriosis (24), chagas disease (23), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (23), louse-borne relapsing fever (23), mycobacterium avium complex disease (23), scleritis (23), ileocolitis (22), inflammatory bowel disease (22), miller fisher syndrome (22), blau syndrome (20), spondyloarthropathy 1 (20), spondylitis (20), rheumatoid arthritis (20), trypanosomiasis (19), vasculitis (19), kashin-beck disease (19), systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (19), acute graft versus host disease (18), acute respiratory distress syndrome (18), staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (18), new daily-persistent headache (18), actinic prurigo (18), leukomalacia (18), lymphangiosarcoma (18), spondyloarthropathy (17), pneumoconiosis (17), tonsil cancer (17), leishmaniasis (17), dengue hemorrhagic fever (17), panuveitis (17), pyoderma (17), pulmonary edema (17), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (16), ileitis (16), nephropathia epidemica (16), crohn's colitis (16), sialadenitis (16), diverticulitis (16), monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (16), spotted fever (15), granulomatous dermatitis (15), microscopic colitis (15), cellulitis (15), inner ear disease (15), swine influenza (15), erysipelas (15), uveitis (15), tuberculosis (15), nervous system disease (15), adult dermatomyositis (15), poliomyelitis (15), hepatitis b (15), ulcerative colitis (15), periodontal disease (15), psoriasis (15), clonorchiasis (15), pneumonia (15), adult respiratory distress syndrome (14), dry eye syndrome (14), hidradenitis suppurativa (14), aggressive periodontitis (14), pustular psoriasis (14), hidradenitis (14), rheumatic heart disease (13), plasmodium vivax malaria (13), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (13), aseptic meningitis (13), punctate inner choroidopathy (13), cytomegalovirus infection (13), tuberculous meningitis (13), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (13), idiopathic neutropenia (13), beryllium disease (13), autoimmune inner ear disease (13), stromal keratitis (13), farmer's lung (12), fatty liver disease (12), trachoma (12), periodic fever, familial (12), hepatitis (12), sarcoidosis 1 (12), monocytic leukemia (12), paracoccidioidomycosis (12), trichuriasis (12), tympanosclerosis (12), atherosclerosis (12), brucellosis (12), peritonitis (12), pleurisy (12), primary systemic mycosis (12), aphthous stomatitis (12), complex regional pain syndrome (12), pleural tuberculosis (12), posterior uveitis (12), bone inflammation disease (11), hypersensitivity reaction type ii disease (11), retinitis pigmentosa 55 (11), endocarditis (11), retinitis pigmentosa 75 (11), connective tissue disease (11), erythema multiforme (11), dengue shock syndrome (11), myasthenia gravis (11), endometritis (11), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (11), proctitis (11), aids dementia complex (11), pyoderma gangrenosum (11), spinal cord injury (11), multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (11), appendicitis (11), rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile (11), relapsing fever (11), takayasu arteritis (11), lepromatous leprosy (11), primary bacterial infectious disease (11), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (11), scorpion envenomation (11), arthropathy (11), melkersson-rosenthal syndrome (11), streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome (11), skin disease (11), choroiditis (10), microscopic polyangiitis (10), tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (10), sleep apnea (10), autoimmune myocarditis (10), periventricular leukomalacia (10), typhoid fever (10), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (10), radiation proctitis (10), q fever (10), endomyocardial fibrosis (10), granulocytopenia (10), melioidosis (10), acute gonococcal salpingitis (10), periodontitis (10), liver disease (10), arthus reaction (10), silicosis (10), avian influenza (10), skin conditions (10), joint disorders (10), pulpitis (10), viral encephalitis (10), adult-onset still's disease (10), meconium aspiration syndrome (10), guillain-barre syndrome (10), rheumatoid lung disease (10), fasciitis (10), oral tuberculosis (10), poems syndrome (10), neuritis (10), autoinflammation, lipodystrophy, and dermatosis syndrome (10), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (9), bacterial meningitis (9), alveolar echinococcosis (9), reactive arthritis (9), hepatitis a (9), contact dermatitis (9), rheumatic fever (9), burns (9), angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (9), chronic beryllium disease (9), hemorrhagic fever (9), critical limb ischemia (9), leptospirosis (9), scrub typhus (9), obstructive sleep apnea (9), cutaneous lupus erythematosus (9), lung disease (9), bronchiolitis obliterans (9), headache (9), skin sarcoidosis (9), intracranial hypertension (9), intermediate uveitis (9), sympathetic ophthalmia (9), visceral leishmaniasis (9), narcolepsy (9), cytomegalovirus retinitis (9), soft tissue sarcoma (9), allergic contact dermatitis (8), meningitis (8), compartment syndrome (8), alopecia areata (8), extrinsic cardiomyopathy (8), otitis media (8), lacrimal apparatus disease (8), demyelinating disease (8), obstructive jaundice (8), bacterial vaginosis (8), optic neuritis (8), retinal ischemia (8), autoinflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome (8), eales disease (8), rosacea (8), fibrosarcoma (8), rheumatoid vasculitis (8), systemic lupus erythematosus (8), autoimmune pancreatitis (8), actinic cheilitis (8), mixed connective tissue disease (8), multifocal choroiditis (8), chronic pulmonary heart disease (8), localized scleroderma (8), pertussis (8), pyelonephritis (8), myelitis (8), cutaneous leishmaniasis (8), hepatopulmonary syndrome (8), pericarditis (8), burning mouth syndrome (8), tinea profunda (8), leprosy (8), anthracosis (8), haemophilus influenzae (8), prostatitis (7), commensal bacterial infectious disease (7), churg-strauss syndrome (7), chikungunya (7), parasitic protozoa infectious disease (7), keratitis (7), japanese encephalitis (7), multiple sclerosis, disease progression, modifier of (7), intestinal disease (7), hepatitis e (7), breast disease (7), transient hypogammaglobulinemia (7), idiopathic achalasia (7), viral infectious disease (7), kawasaki disease (7), laryngitis (7), respiratory system disease (7), schistosomiasis (7), lichen disease (7), infective endocarditis (7), macrophage activation syndrome (7), smallpox (7), tonsillitis (7), familial mediterranean fever, ar (7), systolic heart failure (7), osteomyelitis (7), sickle cell anemia (7), lichen planus (7), relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (7), gingivitis (7), pustulosis of palm and sole (7), protein-energy malnutrition (7), marburg hemorrhagic fever (7), trichosporonosis (7), scleral disease (7), tungiasis (7), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (7), irritable bowel syndrome (7), toxoplasmosis (7), bronchitis (7), melancholia (7), trench fever (7), chronic fatigue syndrome (7), dystrophinopathies (7), peptic ulcer disease (7), wegener granulomatosis (7), cystitis (7), ischemic heart disease (6), echinococcosis (6), chlamydia (6), weill-marchesani syndrome (6), anca-associated vasculitis (6), epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (6), lichen sclerosus (6), lyme disease (6), vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (6), respiratory failure (6), alopecia universalis (6), legionellosis (6), filariasis (6), palindromic rheumatism (6), hypersensitivity reaction disease (6), gastroenteritis (6), congenital hydrocephalus (6), glossitis (6), interstitial lung disease (6), gastrointestinal system disease (6), irritant dermatitis (6), cholangitis (6), severe acute respiratory syndrome (6), duodenal ulcer (6), eye disease (6), limb ischemia (6), pleural disease (6), viral hepatitis (6), hepatitis c (6), end stage renal failure (6), carotid stenosis (6), anterior uveitis (6), bronchiolitis (6), sclerosing cholangitis (6), hepatic encephalopathy (6), gastric ulcer (6), mumps (6), listeria meningitis (6), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (6), cerebral palsy (6), plasmodium falciparum malaria (6), rubella (6), myocarditis (6), portal hypertension (6), cholesteatoma (6), purpura (6), pulmonary tuberculosis (6), stachybotrys chartarum (6), nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (6), posterior urethral valves (6), jejunoileitis (6), atrophic gastritis (6), hypersensitivity reaction type iv disease (6), immune system disease (6), chronic gonococcal salpingitis (6), human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease (6), familial tumoral calcinosis (6), rectal disease (6), behcet syndrome (6), retinitis pigmentosa 60 (6), early-onset schizophrenia (6), posterior scleritis (6), null-cell leukemia (5), keratoconjunctivitis (5), transverse myelitis (5), mycobacterium abscessus (5), osteoarthritis (5), orofacial granulomatosis (5), breast adenocarcinoma (5), oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (5), pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive (5), penicilliosis (5), peroneal neuropathy (5), middle ear disease (5), severe hemophilia a (5), central nervous system vasculitis (5), pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (5), rasmussen encephalitis (5), coccidiosis (5), acute vascular insufficiency of intestine (5), inflammatory bowel disease 3 (5), osteosclerotic myeloma (5), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (5), dental pulp disease (5), bronchial disease (5), pneumocystosis (5), traumatic brain injury (5), sweat gland disease (5), acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (5), spinal cord disease (4), lupus erythematosus (4), acquired metabolic disease (4), critical illness polyneuropathy (4), acute salpingitis (4), heart disease (4), streptococcal meningitis (4), uterine disease (4), opportunistic mycosis (4), upper respiratory tract disease (4), spermatocele (4), lymph node disease (4), kaposi sarcoma (4), dilated cardiomyopathy (4), hypersensitivity reaction type iii disease (4), omenn syndrome (4), tuberculous peritonitis (4), exanthem (4), atopic dermatitis (4), osteoporosis (4), chronic salpingitis (4), perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis (4), crohn's disease (4), suppurative cholangitis (4), sudden infant death syndrome (4), geographic tongue (3), cogan syndrome (3), pre-eclampsia (3), kidney cancer (3), cerebrovascular disease (3), colorectal cancer (3), primary immunodeficiency disease (3), lateral sclerosis (3), obesity (3), alzheimer disease (3), artery disease (3), stomatitis (2), diarrhea (2), common variable immunodeficiency (2), celiac disease (2), aplastic anemia (2), chronic granulomatous disease (2), urinary bladder cancer (2), stomach cancer (2), multiple myeloma (2), tooth agenesis (2), cardiomyopathy (2), overnutrition (2), motor neuron disease (2), diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent (2), breast cancer (2), myocardial infarction (2), leukocyte disease (2), glucose metabolism disease (1), mouth disease (1), female reproductive system disease (1), parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease (1), diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent (1), nose disease (1), urinary system disease (1), macular degeneration, age-related, 1 (1), reproductive system disease (1), gastrointestinal system cancer (1), leigh syndrome (1), pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic (1), leukemia, acute myeloid (1)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -39.50175-0.226 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -243.10799-0.304 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR006052 - TNF
IPR006053 - TNF_a/b/c
IPR002959 - TNF_alpha
IPR021184 - TNF_CS
IPR008983 - Tumour_necrosis_fac-like

Pfam Domains:
PF00229 - TNF(Tumour Necrosis Factor) family

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q5STB3
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-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
MGIRGD    
Protein SequenceProtein Sequence    
AlignmentAlignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0002020 protease binding
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
GO:0005164 tumor necrosis factor receptor binding

Biological Process:
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0001932 regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0001937 negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
GO:0002876 positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
GO:0002925 positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process
GO:0006919 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0006952 defense response
GO:0006954 inflammatory response
GO:0006955 immune response
GO:0006959 humoral immune response
GO:0007254 JNK cascade
GO:0007275 multicellular organism development
GO:0008625 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
GO:0008630 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis
GO:0010033 response to organic substance
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
GO:0010693 negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
GO:0030198 extracellular matrix organization
GO:0030316 osteoclast differentiation
GO:0031622 positive regulation of fever generation
GO:0032729 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
GO:0032755 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
GO:0033209 tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0034116 positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
GO:0042127 regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium
GO:0043123 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0044130 negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
GO:0045123 cellular extravasation
GO:0045662 negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
GO:0045668 negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation
GO:0045670 regulation of osteoclast differentiation
GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0045930 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0045994 positive regulation of translational initiation by iron
GO:0046325 negative regulation of glucose import
GO:0046330 positive regulation of JNK cascade
GO:0050708 regulation of protein secretion
GO:0050727 regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0050830 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
GO:0050900 leukocyte migration
GO:0051023 regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
GO:0051798 positive regulation of hair follicle development
GO:0051897 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
GO:0060664 epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
GO:0060693 regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
GO:0071222 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0071230 cellular response to amino acid stimulus
GO:0072577 endothelial cell apoptotic process
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:0097191 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:0097527 necroptotic signaling pathway
GO:1901224 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:1904707 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
GO:2000377 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Cellular Component:
GO:0001891 phagocytic cup
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005622 intracellular
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0009897 external side of plasma membrane
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0016021 integral component of membrane
GO:0045121 membrane raft
GO:0055037 recycling endosome


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK314960 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ95875, Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)(TNF), mRNA.
BC028148 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:39905 IMAGE:5217636), complete cds.
X01394 - Human mRNA for tumor necrosis factor.
M10988 - Human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA.
E00423 - cDNA encoding human TNF gene and flanking sequence.
E00514 - cDNA coding human tumor necrosis factor.
E01053 - cDNA encoding human TNF precursor.
E01128 - DNA encoding human TNF precursor.
E01590 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor.
E02008 - cDNA encoding precursor of human tumor necrosis factor.
JD464028 - Sequence 445052 from Patent EP1572962.
DQ891662 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100004292; FLH179071.01X; RZPDo839C06130D tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) (TNF) gene, encodes complete protein.
DQ894849 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100009309; FLH179067.01L; RZPDo839C06129D tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) (TNF) gene, encodes complete protein.
AB464327 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB7595, Homo sapiens TNF gene for tumor necrosis factor, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
KJ892290 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01684 TNF gene, encodes complete protein.
E00884 - DNA sequence of human pro-TNF.
E08302 - cDNA encoding precursor of human tumor necrosis factor.
HQ201306 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA, complete cds.
E00712 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor.
FJ795028 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) mRNA, partial cds.
E00702 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor.
E01153 - cDNA encoding human TNF.
AB451492 - Homo sapiens TNF mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha, partial cds, clone: FLJ80001DABN.
AF043342 - Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) mRNA, partial cds.
AJ251878 - Homo sapiens partial mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha gene), isolate B10, exon 3.
AJ251879 - Homo sapiens partial mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha gene),isolate B19, exon 3.
E01052 - DNA encoding human mature TNF.
E01127 - DNA encoding protein which has TNF-like anti tumor activity.
E02672 - cDNA encoding human tumor necrosis factor-like poly peptide.
E01641 - cDNA encoding modified human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF).
E01642 - cDNA encoding modified human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF).
E01647 - cDNA endoding modified human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF).
E04591 - cDNA encoding human TNF.
AF098751 - Homo sapiens APC1 protein mRNA, partial cds.
E01925 - cDNA encoding new TNF polypeptide.
JD380278 - Sequence 361302 from Patent EP1572962.
JD054693 - Sequence 35717 from Patent EP1572962.
FW573317 - JP 2010529847-A/38: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
JD184985 - Sequence 166009 from Patent EP1572962.
FW573321 - JP 2010529847-A/42: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
JD495115 - Sequence 476139 from Patent EP1572962.
JD061975 - Sequence 42999 from Patent EP1572962.
JD086132 - Sequence 67156 from Patent EP1572962.
FW573319 - JP 2010529847-A/40: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
FW573318 - JP 2010529847-A/39: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
JD346852 - Sequence 327876 from Patent EP1572962.
FW573313 - JP 2010529847-A/34: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
FW573315 - JP 2010529847-A/36: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
AJ227911 - Homo sapiens partial mRNA; ID YG39-2, YG53, EE2-16F2.
FW573316 - JP 2010529847-A/37: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
JD226145 - Sequence 207169 from Patent EP1572962.
JD351270 - Sequence 332294 from Patent EP1572962.
FW573322 - JP 2010529847-A/43: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
JD391029 - Sequence 372053 from Patent EP1572962.
JD313727 - Sequence 294751 from Patent EP1572962.
FW573320 - JP 2010529847-A/41: Oligonucleotides for modulation of target RNA activity.
JD328621 - Sequence 309645 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project
h_inflamPathway - Cytokines and Inflammatory Response
h_mspPathway - Msp/Ron Receptor Signaling Pathway
h_nfkbPathway - NF-kB Signaling Pathway
h_freePathway - Free Radical Induced Apoptosis
h_tidPathway - Chaperones modulate interferon Signaling Pathway
h_tnfr1Pathway - TNFR1 Signaling Pathway
h_RELAPathway - Acetylation and Deacetylation of RelA in The Nucleus
h_cytokinePathway - Cytokine Network
h_soddPathway - SODD/TNFR1 Signaling Pathway
h_stressPathway - TNF/Stress Related Signaling
h_cdMacPathway - Cadmium induces DNA synthesis and proliferation in macrophages
h_granulocytesPathway - Adhesion and Diapedesis of Granulocytes
h_hsp27Pathway - Stress Induction of HSP Regulation
h_il10Pathway - IL-10 Anti-inflammatory Signaling Pathway
h_keratinocytePathway - Keratinocyte Differentiation
h_pmlPathway - Regulation of transcriptional activity by PML
h_vobesityPathway - Visceral Fat Deposits and the Metabolic Syndrome
h_HivnefPathway - HIV-I Nef: negative effector of Fas and TNF
h_il1rPathway - Signal transduction through IL1R
h_LairPathway - Cells and Molecules involved in local acute inflammatory response
h_nthiPathway - NFkB activation by Nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae
h_pparaPathway - Mechanism of Gene Regulation by Peroxisome Proliferators via PPARa(alpha)

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: DADB-70P7.1-001, DAMA-25N12.6-001, DAMC-81L12.1-001, DAQB-87N14.5-001, DASS-280D8.2-001, E7DB75, ENST00000376122.1, ENST00000376122.2, hCG_43716, NM_000594, Q5STB3, Q5STB3_HUMAN, TNFA, uc302wjr.1
UCSC ID: ENST00000376122.3
RefSeq Accession: NM_000594
Protein: Q5STB3

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.