Gene interactions and pathways from curated databases and text-mining

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GIP — INS

Text-mined interactions from Literome

Ebinger et al., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000 (Insulinoma...) : Glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) , and GIP- ( 1 -- -30 ) did not affect insulin binding
Ebert et al., Eur J Clin Invest 1979 (Diabetes Mellitus...) : To investigate the role of endogenous insulin on the secretion of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( IR-GIP ) the response of IR-GIP and immunoreactive insulin ( IRI ) to an oral fat load ( 100 g triglyceride ) alone and during an intravenous glucose infusion ( 0.7 g/kg/h ) was examined in normal weight and obese subjects
Ehses et al., J Biol Chem 2001 : A new pathway for glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP ) receptor signaling : evidence for the involvement of phospholipase A2 in GIP stimulated insulin secretion
Lynn et al., Diabetes 2001 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : GIP also potently stimulated first-phase insulin secretion from isolated perifused islets ( 10.3 +/- 3.0 x basal ), and GIP and GLP-1 potentiated insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas ( 6 x control area under the curve [ AUC ] ) from lean animals
Ahrén et al., Diabetes 2001 : In conclusion, 1 ) the early preabsorptive insulin response to meal ingestion in humans can be largely attributed to autonomic activation mediated by noncholinergic and cholinergic mechanisms, 2 ) this cephalic insulin response is required for a normal postprandial glucose tolerance, and 3 ) GIP and GLP-1 do not contribute to the preabsorptive cephalic phase insulin response to meal ingestion
Kindmark et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 : Stimulation of beta-cell secretion of insulin by GIP is seen both in vitro and in vivo at permissive extracellular glucose concentrations ( > 6 mmol/L ) ... Hence, our results show that at a blood glucose concentration of 5 mmol/L, GIP augments the increase in plasma insulin levels stimulated by glibenclamide, possibly acting through a mechanism involving decreased insulin extraction in the liver or peripheral tissues, thus increasing insulin availability
Gault et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002 : In the clonal pancreatic beta cell line BRIN-BD11, ( Pro ( 3 ) ) GIP over the concentration range 10 ( -13 ) to 10 ( -8 ) M dose dependently inhibited GIP stimulated ( 10 ( -7 ) M ) insulin release ( 1.2- to 1.7-fold ; P < 0.05 to P < 0.001 ) ... In obese diabetic ( ob/ob ) mice, intraperitoneal administration of ( Pro ( 3 ) ) GIP ( 25 nmol/kg body wt ) countered the ability of native GIP to stimulate plasma insulin ( 2.4-fold decrease ; P < 0.001 ) and lower the glycemic excursion ( 1.5-fold decrease ; P < 0.001 ) induced by a glucose load ( 18 mmol/kg body wt )
Gault et al., J Endocrinol 2002 : In BRIN-BD11 cells, GIP ( 3-42 ) was significantly less potent at stimulating insulin secretion ( 1.9- to 3.2-fold ; P < 0.001 ), compared with native GIP and significantly inhibited GIP stimulated ( 10 ( -7 ) M ) insulin secretion with maximal inhibition ( 48.8+/-6.2 % ; P < 0.001 ) observed at 10 ( -7 ) M ... In ( ob/ob ) mice, administration of GIP ( 3-42 ) significantly inhibited GIP stimulated insulin release ( 2.1-fold decrease ; P < 0.001 ) and exaggerated the glycaemic excursion ( 1.4-fold ; P < 0.001 ) induced by a conjoint glucose load
Lynn et al., FASEB J 2003 : Finally, in hyperglycemic clamped rats, there was a 70 % reduction in GIPR expression in the islets and a 71 % reduction in GIP stimulated insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas
Gault et al., Diabetologia 2003 (Diabetes Mellitus...) : GIP specifically inhibited GIP stimulated insulin release ( 86 % ; p < 0.001 ) from clonal BRIN-BD11 cells, but had no effect on GLP-1 stimulated insulin release
Verchere et al., Life Sci 1992 : Gastric inhibitory polypeptide stimulated insulin release from cultured mixtures of purified rat beta- and non-beta-cells was inhibited by rat and porcine galanin in a concentration dependent and equipotent manner
Vilsbøll et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 (Chronic Disease...) : In contrast, the late-phase ( 20-120 min ) plasma insulin response to GIP was attenuated, compared with the plasma insulin response to GLP-1, in all five groups
Meier et al., Metabolism 2003 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Therefore, a reduced GIP induced insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and their first-degree relatives at hyperglycemia is more likely due to a general defect of B-cell function than to a specific defect of the GIP action
Nauck et al., Regul Pept 2004 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Despite a lower insulin secretory response to exogenous GIP , incretin effects are similar in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects ... Since insulin secretion in response to exogenous gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is diminished not only in patients with type 2 diabetes, but also in their normal glucose-tolerant first-degree relatives, it was the aim to investigate the integrity of the entero-insular axis in such subjects
Meier et al., Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : While GIP strongly stimulates insulin release in healthy humans, the peptide has almost completely lost its insulinotropic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes
Meier et al., Diabetes 2004 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : The stimulation of insulin secretion by GIP is stronger after its bolus administration than during continuous infusion
Yamada et al., Horm Metab Res 2004 (Obesity) : From these studies, we now know that GIP not only mediates early insulin secretion by acting on pancreatic beta-cells, but also links overnutrition to obesity by acting on adipocytes
Dupre et al., Regul Pept 2005 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1) : Preservation of the insulin response to parenteral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), contrasting with lack of stimulation of insulin secretion by the other known incretin gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) , prompted studies with exogenous GLP-1 in recent-onset Type 1 diabetes
Siegel et al., Eur J Clin Invest 1992 : Comparison of the effect of GIP and GLP-1 ( 7-36amide ) on insulin release from rat pancreatic islets
Kim et al., J Biol Chem 2005 : The incretin hormone , glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP ) stimulates insulin secretion by potentiating events underlying membrane depolarization and exerting direct effects on exocytosis ... Transient overexpression in INS-1 beta-cells ( clone 832/13 ) of wild-type ( WT ) K ( V ) 1.4, or a T601A mutant form resistant to PKA phosphorylation, resulted in reduced glucose stimulated insulin secretion ; WT K ( V ) 1.4 overexpression potentiated GIP induced insulin secretion, whereas this response was absent in T601A cells
Fehmann et al., Endocrinology 1991 (Insulinoma...) : Prior exposure of cells to 100 nmol/liter GLP- ( 7-37 ) ( 10 min ) did not alter the GIP induced ( 10 nmol/liter ) insulin release, but 100 nmol/liter GIP ( 10 min ) reduced the insulin secretion during stimulation with 10 nmol/liter GIP by 56 %
Gallwitz et al., Minerva Endocrinol 2006 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Type 2 diabetes is characterized by an incretin defect : while GIP does not stimulate insulin secretion, GLP-1 action is still preserved under supraphysiological concentrations
Verchere et al., Pharmacology 1991 : The insulin response to acetylcholine was potentiated by the presence of gastric inhibitory polypeptide ... However, neither of these cholinergic antagonists had a significant effect on glucose- or gastric inhibitory polypeptide stimulated insulin secretion
Ahrén et al., Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991 : CCK-8 and GIP together ( 100 pmol/kg for both ) increased plasma levels of insulin , PP and somatostatin as much as each of the peptides given alone, both under basal conditions and after the meal intake ... We conclude that in man, both CCK-8, CCK-33, and GIP moderately stimulate basal and meal related insulin release without any synergistic effects and that the peptides do not inhibit the secretion of glucagon
O'Harte et al., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007 (Diabetes Mellitus...) : Both ( Hyp ( 3 ) ) GIP and ( Hyp ( 3 ) ) GIPLys ( 16 ) PAL treatment also reduced pancreatic insulin ( P < 0.05 to P < 0.01 ) without affecting islet number
Xu et al., Diabetes 2007 (Hyperglycemia) : Perifused islets isolated from hyperglycemic Px rats showed reduced insulin responses to GLP-1 and GIP
Gault et al., Arch Biochem Biophys 2007 : In BRIN-BD11 cells, ( Lys ( 3 ) ) GIP, ( Phe ( 3 ) ) GIP, ( Trp ( 3 ) ) GIP and ( Tyr ( 3 ) ) GIP did not stimulate insulin secretion with both ( Lys ( 3 ) ) GIP and ( Phe ( 3 ) ) GIP significantly inhibiting GIP stimulated insulin secretion ( p < 0.05 ) ... GIP, ( Phe ( 3 ) ) GIP and ( Tyr ( 3 ) ) GIP, when administered together with GIP, significantly reduced plasma insulin ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.01 ) and impaired the glucose lowering ability ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.01 ) of the native peptide
Irwin et al., Diabetologia 2007 (Body Weight...) : At 60 days, glucose tolerance, response to native GIP , postprandial responses, insulin sensitivity, HbA ( 1c ), circulating hormones and plasma lipids were assessed
von Schönfeld et al., Int J Pancreatol 1991 : Independence of GIP induced insulin secretion from sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation in the isolated perfused rat pancreas ... Metabolic and hormonal factors have been shown to modulate insulin response to GIP ... In the isolated perfused rat pancreas, we therefore investigated the influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic agonists and antagonists on the insulin response to GIP ... As compared to control ( 6990 +/- 890 microU/10 min ), the effect of either acetylcholine ( 29030 +/- 4600 microU/10 min ), atropine ( 5880 +/- 1740 microU/10 min ), norepinephrine ( 2520 +/- 750 microU/10 min ), phentolamine ( 11380 +/- 1910 microU/10 min ), isoproterenol ( 12740 +/- 2090 microU/10 min ), propranolol ( 5600 +/- 880 microU/10 min ), or GIP ( 29660 +/- 4490 microU/10 min ) on insulin secretion was consistent with previous reports ... Insulin response to GIP was resistant to atropine ( 24210 +/- 9470 microU/10 min ) and propranolol ( 26450 +/- 4930 mu/10 min )
Takahashi et al., Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1991 (Hyperglycemia) : The effect of insulin and glucose on fat induced gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( 7-36 amide ) ( GLP-1 ( 7-36 amide ) ) was studied in five healthy subjects during continuous glucose infusion ( Protocol 1 ) and during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic blood glucose clamp ( Protocol 2 ) ... Thus, it is concluded that insulin inhibits fat induced GIP , but not GLP-1 ( 7-36 amide ), secretion and that glucose is likely to inhibit GLP-1 ( 7-36 amide ) secretion
Kim et al., J Biol Chem 2007 (MAP Kinase Signaling System...) : In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GIP , in the presence of insulin , increased resistin secretion through a pathway involving p38 mitogen activated protein kinase ( p38 MAPK ) and the stress activated protein kinase/Jun amino-terminal kinase ( SAPK/JNK )
Harada et al., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008 (Hyperinsulinism...) : In high-fat diet fed obese mice ( HFD mice ), blood glucose levels were maintained by compensatory increased insulin secretion ( n = 8, P < 0.05 ), and cAMP production ( n = 6, P < 0.01 ) and insulin secretion ( n = 10, P < 0.05 ) induced by GIP were significantly increased in isolated islets, suggesting hypersensitivity of the GIPR
Lu et al., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008 : GIP contributes to the regulation of postprandial insulin secretion and is essential for normal glucose tolerance
Gault et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2008 (Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental) : Both GIP [ mPEG ] and GIP concentration-dependently stimulated cAMP production ( EC50 6.6 and 0.7 nM, respectively ) and insulin secretion ( p < 0.01 to p < 0.001 ) in pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells
Ishizuka et al., Regul Pept 1991 : Pancreastatin did not affect CCK-8 or GIP stimulated insulin release
McClean et al., Br J Pharmacol 2008 (Body Weight...) : GIP [ mPEG ] inhibited GIP induced cAMP and insulin production in vitro
Holst et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : In such patients, the secretion of GIP is near normal, but its effect on insulin secretion, particularly the late phase, is severely impaired
Girard et al., Diabetes Metab 2008 (Body Weight...) : GIP and GLP-1 stimulate insulin biosynthesis and insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner
Højberg et al., Diabetologia 2009 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 4 weeks of near-normalisation of the blood glucose level could improve insulin responses to GIP and GLP-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes
Aaboe et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2...) : We have demonstrated that inhibiting the K ( ATP ) channels of the diabetic beta-cell acutely using SU significantly increases both the peripheral insulin response to GIP and GIP induced insulin secretion, indicating an ameliorated insulinotropic effect of GIP
Edholm et al., Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009 (Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental) : Under euglycemia, GIP and GLP-1 stimulated the initial insulin response by 10-fold in GK rats ( P < 0.05 ) ... At later hyperglycemia, the insulin response to GIP and GLP-1 was blunted to about one-third compared with controls ( P < 0.05 )
McIntosh et al., Vitam Horm 2009 : Both GIP and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner and are thus classified as incretins
Chia et al., Diabetes 2009 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2...) : Compared with placebo, GIP induced an early postprandial increase in insulin levels
Kelly et al., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009 (Insulin Resistance...) : We conclude that 1 ) a combination of caloric restriction and exercise reduces the GIP response to ingested glucose, 2 ) GIP may mediate the attenuated glucose stimulated insulin response after exercise/diet interventions, and 3 ) the increased PYY ( 3-36 ) response represents an improved capacity to regulate satiety and potentially body weight in older, obese, insulin-resistant adults
Liu et al., Life Sci 2009 (Body Weight) : However, the magnitude of the effects of enhanced GLP-1 and GIP signaling by long-term DPP-IV inhibition on body weight and insulin secretion has not been determined ... In isolated islets of DPP-IV inhibitor treated WT and GLP-1R ( -/- ) mice, glucose induced insulin secretion was increased and insulin secretion in response to GLP-1 or GIP was preserved, without downregulation of incretin receptor expression
Brunicardi et al., J Surg Res 1990 : To investigate the effects of stimulant interactions on alpha- and beta-cell secretions, the differential effects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and cholinergic stimulation ( CS ) on insulin ( IRI ) and glucagon ( IRG ) release were examined during euglycemic, single-pass perfusion in the isolated human pancreas
Jacobo et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009 : We investigated the role of the L-type Ca ( 2+ ) channels Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 in mediating GLP-1- and GIP stimulated events in INS-1 cells and INS-1 cell lines expressing dihydropyridine-insensitive ( DHPi ) mutants of either Ca(v)1.2 or Ca(v)1.3
Nordt et al., Am J Clin Nutr 1991 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Thus, in NIDDM subjects, glucose and insulin responses to different mixed meals do not appear to be exclusively mediated by GIP
Asmar et al., Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010 : Both GLP-1 and GIP stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner and are thus classified as incretins
Renner et al., Diabetes 2010 (Glucose Intolerance) : The first large animal model with impaired incretin function demonstrates an essential role of GIP for insulin secretion, proliferation of beta-cells, and physiological expansion of beta-cell mass
Wice et al., J Biol Chem 2010 : Like humans with T2DM, `` GIP/DT '' animals exhibited a normal insulin secretory response to exogenous GLP-1 but a blunted response to GIP ... Pharmacologic doses of xenin-25, another peptide produced by K cells, restored the GIP mediated insulin secretory response and reduced hyperglycemia in GIP/DT mice ... Studies with islets, insulin producing cell lines, and perfused pancreata indicated xenin-25 does not enhance GIP mediated insulin release by acting directly on the beta-cell ... Consistent with this, carbachol potentiated GIP mediated insulin release from in situ perfused pancreata of GIP/DT mice ... These data suggest that xenin-25 potentiates GIP mediated insulin release by activating non-ganglionic cholinergic neurons that innervate the islets, presumably part of an enteric-neuronal-pancreatic pathway
Flatt et al., J Nutr 1991 (Hyperglycemia) : Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to orally administered amino acids in genetically obese hyperglycemic ( ob/ob ) mice
Kim et al., J Lipid Res 2010 : GIP in the presence of insulin increased LPL gene expression in human adipocytes and LPL promoter activity in GIP receptor expressing HEK-293 cells, and both effects were greatly reduced by the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. Subsequent studies established that GIP increased phosphorylation of Serine 133 in cAMP-response element binding protein ( CREB ) and the nuclear localization of cAMP-responsive CREB coactivator 2 ( TORC2 ) through a pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), PKB, and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)
Shimotoyodome et al., Br J Nutr 2011 : Both postprandial REE ( R - 0·576, P < 0·01 ) and fat utilisation ( R - 0·514, P < 0·05 ) were negatively correlated with the postprandial GIP response, but not with the glucose and insulin responses
Ishihara et al., Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 2011 : Both GLP-1 and GIP stimulate insulin and somatostatin secretion
Pradines et al., Pediatrie 1990 (Drug Hypersensitivity...) : The clinical picture, outcome of the disease dietary and medical treatment with diazoxide, and the role of GIP in insulin secretion is discussed
Lyssenko et al., Diabetes 2011 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Insulin secretion was also measured in response to exogenous GIP ... The A allele of GIPR rs10423928 was associated with impaired glucose- and GIP stimulated insulin secretion and a decrease in BMI, lean body mass, and waist circumference
Lotfy et al., The open medicinal chemistry journal 2011 : In addition, GIP and GLP-1 act on insulin receptors to facilitate insulin-receptor binding, resulting in optimal glucose metabolism
Gjesing et al., Diabetologia 2012 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Insulin secretion rates (ISR) and beta cell responses to glucose, GIP and GLP-1 were calculated
Wice et al., Diabetes 2012 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2...) : Xenin-25 amplifies GIP mediated insulin secretion in humans with normal and impaired glucose tolerance but not type 2 diabetes
Færch et al., Diabetes Obes Metab 2013 : After adjustment for age and sex, risk T allele carriers had higher haemoglobin A1c levels ( p = 0.030 ), reduced first-phase insulin response ( p = 0.048 ), higher peripheral insulin sensitivity ( p = 0.050 ) and lower fasting GIP concentrations ( p = 0.003 ) than CC allele carriers
Zhang et al., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012 : We previously showed exogenously administered Xen, with GIP but not alone, increases insulin secretion in humans and mice
Bhat et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2013 (Weight Loss) : dA ( 2 ) GIP-Oxm was resistant to DPP-IV and significantly stimulated in vitro insulin release
Ravn et al., J Biol Chem 2013 : Gipg013 antagonizes the GIP receptor and inhibits GIP induced insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo
Müller et al., Digestion 1986 : The effects of Ach and GIP on insulin secretion from the rat pancreas were additive at 0.05 X 10 ( -6 ) M Ach and slightly, but not significantly less than additive at 0.25 or 2.5 X 10 ( -6 ) M Ach
Siegel et al., Diabetologia 1985 : Stimulation of insulin release in isolated rat islets by GIP in physiological concentrations and its relation to islet cyclic AMP content ... Glucose induced ( 16.7 mmol/l ) insulin release was enhanced by gastric inhibitory polypeptide 1-100 ng/ml ( 0.196-19.6 nmol/l ) in a dose related fashion
Schnuerer et al., Regul Pept 1987 : Galanin also inhibited insulin release in response to glucose administered with GIP ; this effect was due largely to inhibition of the glucose stimulated component since galanin did not inhibit GIP stimulated insulin release ... GRP inhibited glucose stimulated insulin responses, and the insulin responses to glucose plus GIP ; unlike galanin, GRP inhibited both glucose- and GIP stimulated insulin release
Amiranoff et al., Eur J Biochem 1988 : In the insulin secreting beta cell line Rin m 5F, galanin, a newly discovered ubiquitous neuropeptide, inhibited, by 50 %, the stimulation of insulin release induced by gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) or forskolin, i.e. two cAMP generating effectors
King et al., Pediatr Res 1989 (Pregnancy in Diabetics) : These findings suggest that, at term gestation, the newborn infants have a `` functional '' enteroinsular axis in response to glucose, i.e. the rising plasma GIP contributed in part to the enhanced insulin response to enterally infused glucose. ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
Baer et al., Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1989 : Supplementing the parenteral infusate with porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) to approximate plasma immunoreactive GIP levels achieved with enteral feeding further increases steady-state plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, suggesting insulin resistance
Guo et al., Gastroenterology 1989 (Duodenal Diseases...) : The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of PYY on gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) stimulated insulin release in conscious dogs with gastric and duodenal fistulas
Tanaka et al., Surgery 1989 : These results indicate that the GIP deficiency caused by removal of the jejunum may play a role in the poor insulin response to luminal stimuli, which contributes to glucose intolerance
Peiró et al., Metabolism 1989 : Pancreastatin infusion consistently reduced the insulin responses to VIP, GIP , and 8-CCK without modifying glucagon or somatostatin release
Groop et al., Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1989 (Body Weight...) : In contrast, lean NIDDM subjects showed both a reduced insulin/C-peptide repsonse and a decreased GIP response to the test meal indicating that dysfunction of GIP secretion could be involved in the impaired beta-cell function in NIDDM
Fehmann et al., FEBS Lett 1989 : Our data demonstrate an additive synergistic effect of GLP-1 and GIP on the glucose induced insulin release
Takemura et al., Am J Med 1986 : Studies with this analogue suggest that arginine and gastric inhibitory polypeptide stimulate insulin release via different mechanisms
Brelje et al., Endocrinology 1988 : Also, the proposed incretin gastric inhibitory polypeptide was capable of lowering the threshold and increasing insulin secretion at stimulatory glucose concentrations
Zawalich et al., Diabetes 1988 : L 364718, at levels 10- to 100-fold greater than those necessary to attenuate CCK-8S induced insulin secretion, had no adverse effect on the insulin secretory response of freshly isolated islets to 10 mM glucose alone, 5 mM D-glyceraldehyde, 15 mM alpha-ketoisocaproate, or 50 ng/ml gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Shima et al., Regul Pept 1988 : Comparable effects of GIP and GLP-1- ( 1-37 ) on insulin secretion were observed at concentrations of 1.0 nM and 10.0 nM, respectively ... At the doses tested, neither GLP-1s nor GIP had any effect on insulin secretion induced by 3.3 mM D-glucose
Ishizuka et al., Pancreas 1988 : GIP ( 10 ( -9 ) -10 ( -7 ) M ) potentiated glucose stimulated release of insulin in a dose dependent fashion from both newborn and adult islet cells
Sandberg et al., Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1988 : Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) , cholecystokinin (CCK), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) stimulate insulin secretion ... We found that at 0.1 nmol/l, GIP markedly potentiated glucose induced insulin release whereas CCK-33 and VIP had a weak stimulatory effect and only during the late phase ... In summary 1 ) GIP, CCK-33 and VIP all potentiate glucose induced insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas, and 2 ) CCK-33 potentiates and VIP inhibits GIP induced insulin secretion
Carlquist et al., Acta Chem Scand B 1987 : This synthetic replicate, corresponding to human GIP1-31, retains the ability of naturally occurring GIP to stimulate insulin release
Jorde et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 1986 : The priming effect of glucose on the gastric inhibitory polypeptide induced insulin release
Wolffbrandt et al., Horm Metab Res 1986 (Hyperglycemia) : The effects of porcine GIP on insulin secretion and glucose clearance in the pig
Müller et al., Horm Metab Res 1986 (Disease Models, Animal...) : Effect of GIP on insulin release to intravenous glucose infusion in hyperthyroid rats
Schmidt et al., Endocrinology 1987 : HPLC-pure GIP ( 1-42 ) stimulated insulin release in rat isolated pre cultured pancreatic islets in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose up to 240 % vs. control, whereas the fragment des-tyr-ala-GIP ( 3-42 ) did neither increase insulin release nor exhibit antagonistic activity to GIP ( 1-42 ) at 100 ng/ml
Miyata et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985 : The role of insulin in controlling gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release was assessed in seven totally pancreatectomized patients, in whom inhibitory effects of endogenous pancreatic hormones on GIP secretion were excluded
Amland et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 1985 (Body Weight...) : Effect of intravenously infused porcine GIP on serum insulin in obese and lean subjects studied with the hyperglycemic clamp technique
Amland et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 1985 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Effects of intravenously infused porcine GIP on serum insulin , plasma C-peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide in non-insulin dependent diabetes in the fasting state
Amland et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 1985 : Effects of atropine on GIP induced insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release in man ... Mean serum insulin levels increased significantly and similarly on both occasions, indicating that both the glucose- and GIP induced insulin release is unaffected by atropine
Osei et al., Diabetes Care 1985 (Graves Disease...) : GIP stimulates insulin release in the presence of hyperglycemia and as such is considered a major enteroinsular hormone
Krarup et al., Diabete Metab 1985 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1) : The effect of insulin deprivation on fasting levels of 5000 dalton gastric inhibitory polypeptide in type 1 ( insulin dependent ) diabetics ... Whether this modest increase in IR-GIP significantly enhances insulin secretion is unknown
Pederson et al., Regul Pept 1985 : The effect of glucose and GIP on insulin release from the isolated perfused pancreas of the same animals was investigated to determine if TPN altered the sensitivity of the beta cell ... The isolated perfused pancreas showed a 30 % increase in insulin release in response to GIP after TPN
Service et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978 : Direct effect of insulin on secretion of insulin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide , and gastrin during maintenance of normoglycemia ... The direct effect of insulin on the secretion of insulin ( as measured by C-peptide ), glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide , and gastrin was studied in normal subjects by infusing insulin while the plasma level of glucose was maintained in the normal fasting range ( euglycemic clamp )
Cataland et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978 (Duodenal Ulcer) : The exaggerated insulin release to oral glucose may be due to the synergistic action of higher blood glucose and greater IR-GIP release in this disease
Reynolds et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979 (Diabetes Mellitus...) : Although hyperinsulinism, hypoglycemia, and suppression of endogenous insulin secretion were produced in the controls, no suppression of baseline GIP was detected
Morgan et al., Diabetologia 1979 (Diabetes Mellitus) : The reduction of GIP or GLI secretion may, therefore, be partly responsible for the smaller rise in plasma insulin observed in normal volunteers when guar is added to meals
Amiranoff et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984 (Pancreatic Neoplasms) : GIP ( 10 ( -10 ) to 10 ( -6 ) M ) is able to potently stimulate insulin release in In 111 cells
Szecówka et al., Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1982 : Effect of GIP on the secretion of insulin and somatostatin and the accumulation of cyclic AMP in vitro in the rat ... The effects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on insulin secretion as well as on the intra-islet accumulation of [ 3H ] cyclic AMP were investigated in isolated pancreatic islets of the rat ... The concomittant release of insulin and somatostatin was studied in the perfused pancreas in order to assess a possible influence by somatostatin on the dose-response pattern for GIP induced insulin release ... It is concluded that 1 ) modulation of GIP induced insulin release is coupled to changes in cyclc AMP response in the islet, 2 ) GIP induced somatostatin secretion may influence the concomittant insulin response
Ahrén et al., Diabete Metab 1982 : The effect of four polypeptides, glucagon, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP), Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) and somatostatin on beta-adrenoceptor stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in the mouse was investigated
Ahrén et al., Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1983 : GIP and CCK-8, when injected in threshold doses not affecting basal insulin secretion, did markedly enhance basal insulin release when given simultaneously ... The combination of GIP and CCK-8 did not display the potentiating effect of GIP alone on glucose stimulated insulin release ... Insulin release stimulated by a half-maximal dose of L-IPNA was not affected by either GIP or CCK-8 at the threshold doses
Thomas et al., Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1984 (Duodenogastric Reflux) : Serum levels of secretin, VIP, insulin and PP showed no change, but reflux caused a significant elevation of GIP levels and a suppression of somatostatin levels in both systemic and portal venous blood
Nelson et al., Mayo Clin Proc 1980 (Adenoma, Islet Cell...) : Under the conditions of the study, no direct suppressive effect of insulin on glucagon or gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion was apparent
Sirinek et al., Am J Surg 1978 : Therefore, the present study suggests the existence of negative feedback regulation of GIP release by endogenous insulin ( pancreatico-GIP axis )
Beck et al., Acta Diabetol Lat 1982 (Celiac Disease...) : The impaired absorption of the food-stuffs and the defective feed-back regulation of GIP secretion by insulin are the major causes of these variations
Ohneda et al., Regul Pept 1983 : In addition, the findings observed in the present study do not support the existence of feedback effect of insulin on GIP secretion
Mazzaferri et al., Am J Physiol 1983 : Effects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on leucine- and arginine stimulated insulin release
Mazzaferri et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984 (Body Weight) : Augmented gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to a meal after an increase in carbohydrate ( sucrose ) intake
Flatt et al., J Endocrinol 1984 : Glucose induced increase in endogenous insulin and doses of exogenous insulin up to 100 units/kg did not suppress basal, fat stimulated or glucose stimulated GIP release
Krarup et al., Diabete Metab 1984 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1) : The effect of insulin on the secretion of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide , insulin ( as measured by C-peptide ), glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide during and after a test meal was examined in seven diabetic patients treated with high insulin doses ( mean 1.12 +/- 0.12 IU/kg X 24 h ) before and after a reduction of the insulin dose ( to 0.62 +/- 0.04 IU/kg X 24 h, p less than 0.02 )
Andersen et al., J Clin Invest 1978 : Thus, the effect of glucose released IR-GIP on insulin secretion is dependent upon the presence of some degree of hyper-glycemia and is not inhibited in the presence of marked hyperinsulinemia
Toyota et al., Regul Pept 1982 (Hyperparathyroidism) : In spite of GIP being considered an incretin in the normoglycaemic state, GIP does not markedly stimulate insulin secretion
Axen et al., Am J Physiol 1982 : In isolated, perfused ethionine treated pancreases secretin failed to stimulate insulin secretion, whereas basal insulin secretion and insulin responses to glucose, arginine, gastric inhibitory polypeptide , vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and somatostatin were similar to those of controls
Pederson et al., Regul Pept 1982 : The effect of glucose and GIP on insulin release from the isolated perfused pancreas of the same animals was investigated to determine if JIB altered the sensitivity of the beta cell ... The insulin response of the perfused JIB pancreas to GIP was 70 % reduced from controls although the insulin response to glucose appeared normal
Creutzfeldt et al., Diabetes 1980 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1) : The effect of glucose and insulin on fat- and glucose induced gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release has been studied in insulin dependent juvenile-type diabetics
Deschamps et al., Pediatr Res 1980 (Obesity) : The discrepancy between insignificant postabsorptive GIP increments and elevated insulin responses before diet casts doubts on the causal relationship between GIP and insulin secretion
Reiser et al., Am J Clin Nutr 1980 : These results suggest that the increases in insulin levels observed after sucrose feeding may be mediated by an effect on the enteric hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Ahrén et al., Horm Metab Res 1980 : GIP , on the other hand, enhanced glucose induced insulin release ... Neither glicentine nor GIP in the doses tested had any effect on insulin secretion induced by cholinergic stimulation
Elahi et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981 : The disparate performers showed 1 ) higher basal circulating gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels, 2 ) lower immunoreactive insulin ( IRI ) responses to hyperglycemia ( iv glucose alone ), 3 ) enhanced GIP response to oral glucose, and 4 ) enhanced IRI response to oral glucose
Fujimoto et al., Horm Metab Res 1981 : Only glucagon ( 14 nM ), GIP ( 10 and 20 nM ), and CCK-OP ( 20 nM ) enhanced glucose stimulated insulin release during a 60-min incubation period
Ahrén et al., Acta Physiol Scand 1981 : Furthermore, the effects of pure GIP and glucagon on basal and stimulated insulin secretion were investigated
Jensen et al., Acta Physiol Scand 1981 : GIP increased insulin release in a dose dependent manner
Yovos et al., Am J Physiol 1982 : Effects of amino acids and gastric inhibitory polypeptide on insulin release in dogs
Salera et al., Dig Dis Sci 1982 : Alpha-adrenergic stimulation ( epinephrine + propranolol ) significantly reduced the GIP response ( P less than 0.02 ) and completely inhibited the insulin response ( P less than 0.005 ) to oral glucose, compared with control experiments
Pederson et al., Endocrinology 1978 : Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) produced an increase in immunoreactive insulin ( IRI ) and immunoreactive glucagon ( IRG ) release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas ... In contrast, GIP augmented arginine stimulated insulin release only in the presence of arginine concentrations of ( less than 20 mM, producing no further increase over a maximal arginine stimulus
Silvestre et al., Regul Pept 1994 : In addition, we examined the effect of amylin on GIP induced insulin release in pancreata from rats pretreated with pertussis toxin, an agent which inactivates certain Gi proteins coupled to adenylate cyclase ... However, amylin failed to modify GIP induced insulin release in pancreata obtained from pertussis toxin pretreated rats
Jia et al., Am J Physiol 1995 : The effects of natural ( np ) and synthetic porcine ( sp ) GIP , synthetic human ( sh ) GIP, and GLP-I- ( 7-36 ) on insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas were compared using gradient perfusion
Fieseler et al., Am J Physiol 1995 : GIP and GLP-I- ( 7 -- 36 ) amide further stimulated insulin ( 1.8-fold, P = 0.0001 and 0.004, respectively ) and C-peptide ( 1.3-fold, P = 0.0003 and 0.013, respectively ), with a subsequent slight reduction in plasma glucose ( P < 0.0001 )
Zampelas et al., Eur J Clin Nutr 1994 : Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol ( TAG ), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and insulin responses , as well as post-heparin LPL activity ( measured at 12 h postprandially only ) were investigated
Lu et al., Endocrinology 1993 : When added to glucose stimulated cells, GIP and GLP-I increased cAMP levels and further increased insulin secretion
Ikeda et al., Metabolism 1993 : Possible role of the adrenergic mechanism in gastric inhibitory polypeptide- and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( 7-36 ) amide induced insulin release in the rat ... The GIP induced ( 2 or 20 micrograms ) insulin release was partly inhibited by propranolol pretreatment ( 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously [ SC ] ), and GLP-1 induced ( 2 or 20 micrograms ) insulin release was partly inhibited by propranolol or metoprolol ( 35 mg/kg SC )
Opara et al., Pancreas 1993 (Hyperglycemia...) : Dual effects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on insulin secretion ... The role of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on insulin secretion in the presence of different glucose concentrations has been studied in perifused microdissected murine islets ... These observations are consistent with a hypothesis that during a low glucose condition, GIP prevents the risk of hypoglycemia by suppressing insulin secretion, while during a high glucose load, glucose induced insulin stimulation is potentiated by GIP , presumably to prevent hyperglycemia
Nauck et al., J Clin Invest 1993 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : Both GIP and GLP-1 [ 7-36 amide ] dose-dependently augmented insulin secretion ( insulin, C-peptide ) in both groups ( P < 0.05 )
Yamada et al., Genomics 1995 : Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) , which is released from the gastrointestinal tract, stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion during the postprandial phase
Straub et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996 : Using a hamster derived clonal beta-cell line, the HIT-T15 cell, wortmannin inhibited GIP stimulated insulin secretion under both static incubation and perfusion conditions
van der Burg et al., Regul Pept 1995 : GIP enhanced insulin release 1.1- and 1.2-fold, at the 7.5 and 10 mM glucose level, respectively
Wang et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996 : GIP regulates glucose transporters, hexokinases, and glucose induced insulin secretion in RIN 1046-38 cells
Pfeiffer et al., Z Gastroenterol 1976 (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia) : GIP ( `` gastric inhibitory peptide '' ), apart form acting upon the intestinal tract, also causes a marked rise in insulin production ; this GIP possibly is the factor responsible for the difference in glucose tolerance following i. v. or oral administration of glucose, something that scientists have been trying to discover for a long time
Tseng et al., J Clin Invest 1996 : In fasted anesthetized rats, GIP ( 1-42 ) stimulated insulin release in a concentration dependent manner, an effect abolished by the concomitant intraperitoneal administration of GIP ( 7-30 ) -NH2 ( 100 nmol/ kg ) ... In separate experiments, GIP ( 7-30 ) -NH2 ( 100 nmol/kg ) reduced postprandial insulin release in conscious rats by 72 %
Ding et al., Diabetes 1997 : Collectively, our data indicate that the insulinotropic hormone GIP stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells, through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, by interacting with the secretory machinery at a level distal to an elevation in [ Ca2+ ] i
Limb et al., Pediatr Res 1997 (Hyperglycemia) : We conclude that the GIP response to a modest oral glucose load may play an important physiologic role in glucose stimulated insulin secretion in healthy young subjects
Crockett et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976 : The augmented secretion of insulin may be mediated partially or completely by endogenous GIP
Schirra et al., J Clin Invest 1998 : ex ( 9-39 ) NH2 did not alter GIP stimulated insulin secretion
Pederson et al., Endocrinology 1976 : Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) produced a dose related increase in immunoreactive insulin ( IRI ) from the perfused isolated rat pancreas
Tseng et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998 : Recent studies have shown that elevated serum GIP level in diabetic patients may induce chronic desensitization of the GIP-R, and that this mechanism could contribute to impaired insulin secretion
Meneilly et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 : However, the insulin response to GIP was similar in both young and old during the G + 12.8 mmol/L clamps
Tseng et al., Endocrinology 1998 : In betaTC3 cells, preincubation of GIP attenuated GIP induced insulin release by 45 % at 15 min and by 55 % at 30 min. Expression of RGS2 in the betaTC3 cells significantly decreased GIP stimulated insulin secretion, whereas glucose induced insulin release was not affected ... These results suggest a potential role for RGS2 in modulating GIP mediated insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells
O'Harte et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1998 : In acute ( 20 min ) incubations at 5.6 mM glucose, GIP ( 3x10-11-10-8 M ) significantly stimulated insulin secretion by 1.6-2.1-fold from BRIN-BD11 cells