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Smialowicz et al., Toxicology 1992 (Body Weight) : Rats and mice were examined for alterations in body, spleen and thymus weights and mitogen induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in vitro ; separate groups were employed for the antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS ) ... The PFC response to TNP-LPS was suppressed in rats dosed with either ME or MAA at dosages of 100-400 mg/kg/day
Smialowicz et al., Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992 : In the present study, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was used to evaluate the immunotoxic potential of ethylene glycol ( EG ) as well as the glycol ethers 2-methoxyethyl acetate (MEA), 2- ( 2-methoxyethoxy ) ethanol, bis ( 2-methoxyethyl ) ether, 2-ethoxyethanol and its principal metabolite 2-ethoxyacetic acid, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, and 2-butoxyethanol relative to ME and MAA ... Three days following immunization, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was determined ... In addition to ME and MAA, only MEA, which was as effective as ME, suppressed the PFC response to TNP-LPS
Huchet et al., Scand J Immunol 1991 : The differentiation of plaque forming cell (PFC) precursors against bromelain treated syngeneic erythrocytes ( Br MRBC ) into PFC induced in vitro by LPS is down-regulated by nylon non-adherent ( nylon passed -- NP ) T cells and by nylon adherent ( NA ) T cells
Smialowicz et al., Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991 (Body Weight) : The plaque forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS ) was suppressed at 50-200 mg/kg/day MAA, while the PFC response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was elevated at 50 mg/kg/day
Smialowicz et al., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991 : However, the PFC response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS ) was suppressed at all dosages ... Similarly, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was suppressed in adult female rats dosed with ME ... In the second phase of this study, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was employed to assess the role that metabolism of ME to 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA) plays in the immunotoxicity of this glycol ether
Yang et al., Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1990 : On the other hand, the peptide markedly inhibited splenocyte blastogenesis induced by B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-driven plaque forming cell (PFC) formation in vitro
Pourbohloul et al., Int J Immunopharmacol 1990 : We have previously shown that albumin complexed stearic acid ( 18 : 0 ) inhibited in vitro primary anti-TNP plaque forming cell (PFC) responses to trinitrophenyl keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( TNP-KLH ), but did not affect primary PFC responses to trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS )
Smialowicz et al., Toxicology 1990 (Hypersensitivity, Delayed) : On the other hand, the PFC response to the T cell independent antigen TNP-LPS was unaffected by TBTO exposure
Wetzel et al., Scand J Immunol 1990 : Furthermore, rIL-5 enhanced peritoneal B-cell plaque forming cell (PFC) responses to TNP-LPS but not to TNP-Ficoll
Saito-Taki et al., Int J Immunopharmacol 1990 : IgG2b dependent down regulation of the LPS induced PFC-response and its blockade by Fc gamma 2bR protein ... Fc gamma receptor ( Fc gamma R ) -dependent immunoregulation by murine heat aggregated ( HAgg ) IgG subclasses on the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced plaque forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenylated sheep red blood cell ( TNP-SRBC ) antigen and the competitive effect by Fc gamma 2bR-protein on the down regulation by HAgg-IgG2b were studied in murine T-cell deprived spleen cell cultures ... HAgg-IgG1 and HAgg-IgG3 enhanced the PFC response, but HAgg-IgG2b strongly suppressed the LPS induced PFC response ... The suppression induced by HAgg-IgG2b on the LPS induced PFC response in the T-cell deprived cultures was abolished by the addition of phospholipase C (PLC) treated Fc gamma 2bR protein at the early stage of the culture ... The mechanisms by which HAgg-IgG2b suppress the LPS induced PFC response and PLC treated Fc gamma 2bR protein restores this response were discussed
Debowy et al., Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 1989 (Fever) : All the three drugs investigated counteracted with the changes in the number of B lymphocytes and PFC induced by LPS
DeKruyff et al., J Immunol 1985 : B cell PFC responses to TNP-Brucella abortus ( BA ) and TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are greatly increased by EL4-SN but show little, if any, enhancement with Den-1 SN
Smith et al., J Immunol 1976 : BALB/c mice were also capable of producing strong PFC responses to LPS at various ages through 110 weeks whereas the comparable SJL/J PFC responses to LPS had declined by 80 weeks of age
Yang et al., Immunology 1989 : Albumin complexed unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid ( 18 : 1 ) exerted a dose dependent inhibitory effect on in vitro primary anti-TNP plaque forming cell (PFC) responses to trinitrophenyl keyhole limpet haemocyanin ( TNP-KLH ), but did not affect primary PFC responses to trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS )
Uher et al., J Immunol 1986 : In contrast, antigen receptor independent PFC responses to the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were not inhibited by complexes ... However, the antigen independent TNP-specific PFC response to LPS was inhibited by the combination of IgG antibody-antigen complexes and the hapten, but by neither alone
Meredith et al., J Immunol 1979 : Aged 21- to 24-month-old C57BL/6J and ( C57BL/10Sn x C3H/HeDiSn ) F1 mice were found to express 3 to 4 times as many LPS induced plaque forming cells (PFC) to autologous erythrocytes than did younger 6-month-old animals
Frank et al., J Immunol 1977 : The LPS also increased the background PFC response to SRBC in nonimmunized cultures
Sawada et al., Immunology 1987 : Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , added together with SRBC at the initiation of a 48-hr in vitro culture, enhanced the PFC response of primed spleen cells
Pillai et al., J Immunol 1986 : In further studies, the primary PFC response of normal murine spleen cells to fluorescein ( FL ) -coupled TI antigens or to LPS in vitro was reduced dramatically by cytotoxic J11d antibody treatment
Seddik et al., Transplantation 1986 (Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes) : GVHBM cells obtained seven days after GVH induction restored but slightly the plaque forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes and the mitogen response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Kawaguchi et al., Dev Comp Immunol 1986 : The induction of each of four PFC responses in peritoneal cells was sensitive to LPS and anti-mouse IgM antibodies as much as the induction of the respective PFC response in spleen cells
Kawaguchi et al., Cell Immunol 1985 : In a second experiment, spleen cells from 2- and 10-week-old mice were separated into subpopulations with or without Fc receptors, C3 receptors, or Ia antigens, and the LPS induced PFC responses were quantitatively assessed in each subpopulation
Zubler et al., J Immunol 1981 : Secondly, anti-idiotypic antibody-like activity was not detected in the sense that generation of inhibitory antibody was never found to be dissociated from generation of anti-SRBC antibody, and LPS dependent anti-SRBC PFC responses were not inhibited
Koch et al., J Immunol 1982 : The majority of the BM-localizing PFC induced by TNP-LPS are formed within the BM from the proliferating lymphocyte pool, because this response was found to be resistant to splenectomy and sensitive to treatment with hydroxyurea ( HU ) before immunization
Conger et al., J Exp Med 1983 (Sex Chromosome Aberrations) : In contrast, in vivo primary and hyperimmune PFC responses to ABA-Bru or ABA-LPS showed a significantly lower CRIA/CRI ratio, averaging 0.5-0.6, with some individual mice giving figures as low as 0.2, indicating predominance of CRIm over CRIA
Jirillo et al., J Immunol 1984 : Mice boosted i.v. with purified LPS gave five- to sixfold higher anti-S-LPS PFC responses than did mice given whole bacteria by the i.v. route ... Low anti-Rb-LPS and anti-Re-LPS PFC responses were seen in both mouse strains ... Mice given Rb ( R345 ) immunogen gave maximum responses to Rb-LPS, lower responses to Re-LPS, and no responses to S-LPS, whereas C3H/HeJ mice immunized with Re ( R595 ) immunogen gave maximum PFC responses to Re-LPS and lower responses to Rb-LPS
Morisaki et al., J Immunol 1983 : Addition of indomethacin ( IM ) to spleen cell cultures abrogated suppression and allowed anti-TNP PFC responses to TNP-BA, TNP-LPS ( Ph or Bu ), TNP-Ficoll, and TNP-dextran
Garzelli et al., Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1983 : The number of anti-Br-MRBC PFC was markedly increased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , even in conditions in which cell proliferation was blocked by mitomycin C, suggesting the presence of high numbers of Br-MRBC-specific precursor cells, potentially capable of differentiating into autoantibody producing cells, in the marrow
Zubler et al., J Exp Med 1982 : Using this system, it is demonstrated that not only in T helper cell ( TH ) -dependent but also in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dependent ( i.e., so-called T-independent ) PFC responses, the resting B cells have to receive at least three different signals : ( a ) a major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) -specific TH signal that can be bypassed by LPS, ( b ) an antigen signal, and ( c ) a second TH signal medicated by MHC- and antigen-unspecific helper factor ( s ) for B cell responses ( BHF ) that can not by bypassed by LPS
Martinez-Alonso et al., Eur J Immunol 1980 : The simultaneous stimulation of splenic B cells with LPS and helper cells results in additive IgM and IgG2 responses, but in the selective suppression of IgG3 PFC with a concomitant synergic enhancement of IgG1 responses
Peavy et al., J Immunol 1981 : Primary IgM PFC responses of C3HeB/FeJ mice to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) , a T-independent antigen, were also inhibited to a similar extent
Williams et al., Toxicology 1995 : Separate groups of rats, employed for the antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response to either trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS ) or sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were exposed dermally to 150, 300 or 600 mg/kg/day ME for 4 consecutive days ... PFC responses to TNP-LPS and SRBC were suppressed at the 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day ME dosages
Uchiyama et al., Jpn J Microbiol 1976 : LPS did not induce the primary anti-DNP PFC response after the injection of DNP-GL, nor did it prevent the tolerance induction in normal and DNP primed B cells that occured after the administration of DNP-GL
Arkoosh et al., Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1994 : The secondary PFC response of anterior kidney and splenic leukocytes to both antigens and the primary splenic PFC response to TNP-LPS were suppressed in salmon exposed to either DMBA or PCBs ... However, only the primary PFC response of anterior kidney leukocytes to TNP-LPS was suppressed in salmon exposed to PCBs and no suppression of this response was observed in salmon exposed to DMBA
Smialowicz et al., Fundam Appl Toxicol 1993 : In this study, the plaque forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS ) was used to determine if MAAD is immunosuppressive in rats ... Oral dosing with equimolar ( 2.64 mmol/kg ) concentrations of ME, MAA, or MAAD resulted in equivalent suppression of the TNP-LPS PFC response
Harper et al., Toxicology 1996 : The reconstituted mixture and the 2-, 3- and > or = 4-ring PAH fractions all caused a dose dependent decrease in the splenic plaque forming cell (PFC) response to SRBCs or TNP-LPS , and their ED50 values for the four treatment groups were 86, 354, 145, and 23 or 163, 439, 637 and 31 mg/kg, respectively
Riddle et al., Toxicology 1996 : All animals were immunized on the first day of dosing and body and lymphoid organ weights and PFC responses to SRBC or TNP-LPS were evaluated 4 days later ... PFC responses to SRBC and TNP-LPS were suppressed in rats at dosages of 160 and 320 mg/kg/day ... Furthermore, neither the PFC response to SRBC nor the response to TNP-LPS was suppressed in mice exposed to any oral dosage of MAA ... Continuous exposure to MAA via mini-osmotic pumps did not suppress the PFC response to either SRBC or TNP-LPS , but rather significantly enhanced the response to TNP-LPS
Hepper et al., J Immunol 1979 : The plaque forming cell (PFC) response to TCA-LPS , however, increased from day 10 to day 20 ... Partial removal of the LAP or TCA-LPS with phenol or trypsin and pronase significantly reduced the PFC response, suggesting that the protein moiety played an influential role in the immunogenicity of TCA-LPS
Smialowicz et al., Fundam Appl Toxicol 1996 : In this study, the effect that TCDD has on the antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response to the T cell independent ( TI ) antigen trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide ( TNP-LPS ) was compared in adult female B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats ... Three days later body, spleen, thymus, and liver weights were measured and the PFC response to TNP-LPS was determined ... In rats, thymus weights were decreased and liver weights increased at 3, 10, and 30 micrograms TCDD/kg ; however, the PFC response and serum hemagglutination titers to TNP-LPS were suppressed only at 30 micrograms/kg TCDD