Description: Homo sapiens chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 (CSH2), transcript variant 1, mRNA. RefSeq Summary (NM_020991): The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones and plays an important role in growth control. The gene is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 along with four other related genes in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones. This particular family member is expressed mainly in the placenta and utilizes multiple transcription initiation sites. Expression of the identical mature proteins for chorionic somatomammotropin hormones 1 and 2 is upregulated during development, while the ratio of 1 to 2 increases by term. Structural and expression differences provide avenues for developmental regulation and tissue specificity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg19 chr17:61,949,372-61,951,089 Size: 1,718 Total Exon Count: 5 Strand: - Coding Region Position: hg19 chr17:61,949,486-61,950,974 Size: 1,489 Coding Exon Count: 5
ID:CSH_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone; Short=Choriomammotropin; AltName: Full=Lactogen; AltName: Full=Placental lactogen; Short=PL; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Produced only during pregnancy and is involved in stimulating lactation, fetal growth and metabolism. Does not interact with GHR but only activates PRLR through zinc-induced dimerization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. MISCELLANEOUS: The sequence of CSH1 is shown. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.
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Genetic Association Studies of Complex Diseases and Disorders
Genetic Association Database (archive): CSH2 CDC HuGE Published Literature: CSH2 Positive Disease Associations: metabolic syndrome Related Studies:
metabolic syndrome Day, I. N. et al. 2004, Late life metabolic syndrome, early growth, and common polymorphism in the growth hormone and placental lactogen gene cluster., The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2004 Nov;89(11):5569-76.
[PubMed 15531513]
Common diversity in GH-CSH correlates with low 1-yr weight and with features of the metabolic syndrome in later life. GH-CSH genotype adds substantially to, but does not account for, the associations between low body weight, at birth and in infancy, and the metabolic syndrome.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P01243
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
