Human Gene CD55 (ENST00000367064.9) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group) (CD55), transcript variant 8, non-coding RNA. (from RefSeq NR_125349) RefSeq Summary (NM_000574): This gene encodes a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of the complement cascade. Binding of the encoded protein to complement proteins accelerates their decay, thereby disrupting the cascade and preventing damage to host cells. Antigens present on this protein constitute the Cromer blood group system (CROM). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The predominant transcript variant encodes a membrane-bound protein, but alternatively spliced transcripts may produce soluble proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000367064.9 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000196352.18 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr1:207,321,678-207,360,966 Size: 39,289 Total Exon Count: 10 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg38 chr1:207,321,766-207,359,610 Size: 37,845 Coding Exon Count: 10
ID:DAF_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Complement decay-accelerating factor; AltName: CD_antigen=CD55; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: This protein recognizes C4b and C3b fragments that condense with cell-surface hydroxyl or amino groups when nascent C4b and C3b are locally generated during C4 and c3 activation. Interaction of daf with cell-associated C4b and C3b polypeptides interferes with their ability to catalyze the conversion of C2 and factor B to enzymatically active C2a and Bb and thereby prevents the formation of C4b2a and C3bBb, the amplification convertases of the complement cascade. SUBUNIT: Monomer (major form) and non-disulfide-linked, covalent homodimer (minor form). Binds to coxsackievirus A21, coxsackieviruses B1, B3 and B5, human enterovirus 70, human echoviruses 6, 7, 11, 12, 20 and 21 capsid proteins and acts as a receptor for these viruses. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed on the plasma membranes of all cell types that are in intimate contact with plasma complement proteins. It is also found on the surfaces of epithelial cells lining extracellular compartments, and variants of the molecule are present in body fluids and in extracellular matrix. DOMAIN: The first Sushi domain (SCR1) is not necessary for function. SCR2 and SCR4 provide the proper conformation for the active site on SCR3 (By similarity). PTM: The Ser/Thr-rich domain is heavily O-glycosylated. POLYMORPHISM: Responsible for the Cromer blood group system (CROM) [MIM:613793]. It consists of at least 8 high-incidence (Cr(a), Tc(a), Dr(a), Es(a), WES(b), UMC, IFC and GUTI) and three low- incidence (Tc(b), Tc(c) and WES(a)) antigens that reside on DAF. In the Cromer phenotypes Dr(a-) and Inab there is reduced or absent expression of DAF, respectively. In the case of the Dr(a-) phenotype, a single nucleotide substitution within exon 5 accounts for two changes: a simple amino acid substitution, Leu-199 that is the basis of the antigenic variation, and an alternative splicing event that underlies the decreased expression of DAF in this phenotype. The Inab phenotype is a very rare one in which the red blood cells lack all Cromer system antigens. The red blood cells of individuals with Inab phenotype have a deficiency of DAF, but these individuals are not known to have any associated hematologic or other abnormalities. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family. SIMILARITY: Contains 4 Sushi (CCP/SCR) domains. WEB RESOURCE: Name=dbRBC/BGMUT; Note=Blood group antigen gene mutation database; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gv/mhc/xslcgi.cgi?cmd=bgmut/systems_info&system=cromer"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=CD55base; Note=CD55 mutation db; URL="http://bioinf.uta.fi/CD55base/"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Decay-accelerating factor entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_accelerating_factor"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/daf/"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Virus Particle ExploreR db; Note=Icosahedral capsid structure; URL="http://viperdb.scripps.edu/info_page.php?VDB=1upn";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P08174
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0002376 immune system process GO:0006888 ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport GO:0006958 complement activation, classical pathway GO:0007204 positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration GO:0016032 viral process GO:0030449 regulation of complement activation GO:0031664 regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0035743 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production GO:0043312 neutrophil degranulation GO:0045087 innate immune response GO:0045730 respiratory burst GO:0045916 negative regulation of complement activation GO:0046718 viral entry into host cell GO:2000516 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation GO:2000563 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
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