Human Gene SH2B1 (ENST00000337120.9) from GENCODE V44
Description: Homo sapiens SH2B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1), transcript variant 2, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_015503) RefSeq Summary (NM_015503): This gene encodes a member of the SH2-domain containing mediators family. The encoded protein mediates activation of various kinases and may function in cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling and cellular transformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]. Gencode Transcript: ENST00000337120.9 Gencode Gene: ENSG00000178188.16 Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg38 chr16:28,862,804-28,874,201 Size: 11,398 Total Exon Count: 9 Strand: + Coding Region Position: hg38 chr16:28,866,095-28,873,465 Size: 7,371 Coding Exon Count: 9
ID:SH2B1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=SH2B adapter protein 1; AltName: Full=Pro-rich, PH and SH2 domain-containing signaling mediator; Short=PSM; AltName: Full=SH2 domain-containing protein 1B; FUNCTION: Adapter protein for several members of the tyrosine kinase receptor family. Involved in multiple signaling pathways mediated by Janus kinase (JAK) and receptor tyrosine kinases, including the receptors of insulin (INS), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In growth hormone (GH) signaling, autophosphorylated ('Tyr-813') JAK2 recruits SH2B1, which in turn is phosphorylated by JAK2 on tyrosine residues. These phosphotyrosines form potential binding sites for other signaling proteins. GH also promotes serine/threonine phosphorylation of SH2B1 and these phosphorylated residues may serve to recruit other proteins to the GHR-JAK2-SH2B1 complexes, such as RAC1. In leptin (LEP) signaling, binds to and potentiates the activation of JAK2 by globally enhancing downstream pathways. In response to leptin, binds simultaneously to both, JAK2 and IRS1 or IRS2, thus mediating formation of a complex of JAK2, SH2B1 and IRS1 or IRS2. Mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 and IRS2, resulting in activation of the PI 3-kinase pathway. Acts as positive regulator of NGF-mediated activation of the Akt/Forkhead pathway; prolongs NGF-induced phosphorylation of AKT1 on 'Ser-473' and AKT1 enzymatic activity. Enhances the kinase activity of the cytokine receptor-associated tyrosine kinase JAK2 and of other receptor tyrosine kinases, such as FGFR3 and NTRK1. For JAK2, the mechanism seems to involve dimerization of both, SH2B1 and JAK2. Enhances RET phosphorylation and kinase activity. Isoforms seem to be differentially involved in IGF-I and PDGF-induced mitogenesis (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Self-associates. Homopentamer (By similarity). Forms a heteromultimeric complex with SH2B2 (By similarity). Interacts with SH2B2. Isoform 1 interacts via its SH2 domain with JAK2. Isoform 2 interacts via its SH2 domain and its N-terminus with JAK2; the SH2 domain is required for the major interaction with JAK2 phosphorylated on tyrosine residues; the N-terminus provides a low-affinity binding to JAK2 independent of JAK2 phosphorylation. Isoform 3 interacts via its SH2 domain with JAK2. Isoform 1 interacts via its SH2 domain with INSR; the interaction requires receptor activation. Isoform 3 interacts via its SH2 domain with INSR; the interaction requires receptor activation and requires INSR phosphorylation at 'Tyr-1185'. Isoform 1 interacts with IGF1R; the interaction requires receptor activation. Isoform 2 interacts with PRKAR1A/RET (PTC2) fusion protein; the interaction requires RET 'Tyr-905' and Tyr-981'. Isoform 2 interacts via its SH2 domain with FGFR3; the interaction requires FGFR3 'Tyr-724' and 'Tyr-760'. Isoform 2 interacts with RET; the interaction requires RET kinase activity and RET 'Tyr-981'. Isoform 2 interacts with RAC1. Isoform 2 interacts with PDGFRA and/or PDGFRB; the interaction requires receptor activation. Interacts with ISR1 and ISR2. Isoform 3 is probably part of a complex consisting of INSR, ISR1 and SH2B1. Probably part of a ternary complex consisting of SH2B1, JAK2 and ISR1 or ISR2. May interact with FCER1G (By similarity). Interacts (via SH2 domain) with NTRK1 (phosphorylated) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm (By similarity). Membrane (Probable). Nucleus (By similarity). Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (By similarity). TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed with highest levels in skeletal muscle and ovary. PTM: Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to receptor kinase stimulation. Phosphorylated by RET. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SH2B adapter family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 PH domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 SH2 domain. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=AAH10704.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=BAA92537.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened; Sequence=BAB55148.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q9NRF2
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0035591 signaling adaptor activity
Biological Process: GO:0007165 signal transduction GO:0007596 blood coagulation GO:0009967 positive regulation of signal transduction GO:0030032 lamellipodium assembly GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division GO:2000278 regulation of DNA biosynthetic process
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