Human Gene TAS2R40 (ENST00000408947.4) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens taste 2 receptor member 40 (TAS2R40), mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_176882)
RefSeq Summary (NM_176882): This gene encodes a member of the bitter taste receptor family which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are predominantly expressed in taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. This intronless taste receptor gene encodes a seven-transmembrane receptor protein, functioning as a bitter taste receptor. This gene is clustered together with eight other taste receptor genes on chromosome 7. A decrease in the expression of this gene is associated with hypogeusia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]. ##RefSeq-Attributes-START## MANE Ensembl match :: ENST00000408947.4/ ENSP00000386210.3 RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000408947.4
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000221937.4
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr7:143,222,037-143,223,079 Size: 1,043 Total Exon Count: 1 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr7:143,222,079-143,223,050 Size: 972 Coding Exon Count: 1 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDRNA Structure
Protein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther Names
Methods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr7:143,222,037-143,223,079)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (323 aa)
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HGNCHPRDLynxMGIneXtProtOMIM
PubMedReactomeUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: T2R40_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Taste receptor type 2 member 40; Short=T2R40; AltName: Full=G-protein coupled receptor 60; AltName: Full=Taste receptor type 2 member 58; Short=T2R58;
FUNCTION: Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells.
MISCELLANEOUS: Several bitter taste receptors are expressed in a single taste receptor cell.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -9.3042-0.221 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -7.0029-0.241 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR007960 - TAS2_rcpt

Pfam Domains:
PF05296 - Taste receptor protein (TAS2R)

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P59535
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-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
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Protein SequenceProtein Sequence    
AlignmentAlignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0004871 signal transducer activity
GO:0004930 G-protein coupled receptor activity
GO:0033038 bitter taste receptor activity

Biological Process:
GO:0001580 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0050896 response to stimulus
GO:0050909 sensory perception of taste

Cellular Component:
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0016021 integral component of membrane


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BC101797 - Homo sapiens taste receptor, type 2, member 40, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:126846 IMAGE:8069303), complete cds.
BC101795 - Homo sapiens taste receptor, type 2, member 40, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:126844 IMAGE:8069301), complete cds.
KJ895931 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_05325 TAS2R40 gene, encodes complete protein.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
hsa04742 - Taste transduction

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P59535 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-3296233 T2Rs bind bitter-tasting compounds
R-HSA-749454 The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates
R-HSA-749456 Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi
R-HSA-380073 Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
R-HSA-420499 Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: A4D2I2, ENST00000408947.1, ENST00000408947.2, ENST00000408947.3, GPR60, NM_176882, P59535, Q645W6, T2R40_HUMAN, uc011ksx.1, uc011ksx.2, uc011ksx.3
UCSC ID: ENST00000408947.4
RefSeq Accession: NM_176882
Protein: P59535 (aka T2R40_HUMAN or TR40_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS43662.1

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.