Human Gene ACSL3 (ENST00000357430.8) from GENCODE V44
  Description: Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 (ACSL3), transcript variant 2, mRNA. (from RefSeq NM_203372)
RefSeq Summary (NM_004457): The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme is highly expressed in brain, and preferentially utilizes myristate, arachidonate, and eicosapentaenoate as substrates. The amino acid sequence of this isozyme is 92% identical to that of rat homolog. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000357430.8
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000123983.15
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg38 chr2:222,861,036-222,944,639 Size: 83,604 Total Exon Count: 17 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg38 chr2:222,908,773-222,941,654 Size: 32,882 Coding Exon Count: 14 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDRNA-Seq Expression
Microarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO AnnotationsmRNA Descriptions
PathwaysOther NamesMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2023-08-18 00:09:47

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr2:222,861,036-222,944,639)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (720 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAGene interactionsTable SchemaAlphaFold
BioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGencodeGeneCards
HGNCLynxMalacardsMGIneXtProtOMIM
PubMedReactomeUniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: ACSL3_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3; EC=6.2.1.3; AltName: Full=Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3; Short=LACS 3;
FUNCTION: Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) activates long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. ACSL3 mediates hepatic lipogenesis (By similarity). Preferentially uses myristate, laurate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate as substrates (By similarity). Has mainly an anabolic role in energy metabolism. Required for the incorporation of fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid located on the surface of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins).
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
COFACTOR: Magnesium (By similarity).
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein (By similarity). Peroxisome membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein (By similarity). Microsome membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein (By similarity). Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein (By similarity).
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 23.82 RPKM in Brain - Frontal Cortex (BA9)
Total median expression: 594.53 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -172.90429-0.403 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -662.202985-0.222 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR020845 - AMP-binding_CS
IPR000873 - AMP-dep_Synth/Lig

Pfam Domains:
PF00501 - AMP-binding enzyme

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O95573
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-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
Genome BrowserGenome BrowserNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
MGIRGD    
Protein SequenceProtein Sequence    
AlignmentAlignment    

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
GO:0003824 catalytic activity
GO:0004467 long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
GO:0005524 ATP binding
GO:0016874 ligase activity
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
GO:0019904 protein domain specific binding
GO:0102391 decanoate--CoA ligase activity

Biological Process:
GO:0001676 long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process
GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process
GO:0006633 fatty acid biosynthetic process
GO:0007420 brain development
GO:0007584 response to nutrient
GO:0008152 metabolic process
GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound
GO:0034379 very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly
GO:0035338 long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
GO:0042998 positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
GO:0044539 long-chain fatty acid import
GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion
GO:2001247 positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process

Cellular Component:
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
GO:0005741 mitochondrial outer membrane
GO:0005777 peroxisome
GO:0005778 peroxisomal membrane
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
GO:0005811 lipid particle
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0016021 integral component of membrane
GO:0031090 organelle membrane
GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BC041692 - Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:48741 IMAGE:5226905), complete cds.
AK314621 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ95462, highly similar to Homo sapiens fatty-acid-Coenzyme A ligase, long-chain 3 (FACL3),mRNA.
AB061712 - Homo sapiens FACL3 mRNA for Acyl-CoA synthetase 3, complete cds.
D89053 - Homo sapiens mRNA for Acyl-CoA synthetase 3, complete cds.
JD234675 - Sequence 215699 from Patent EP1572962.
JD189425 - Sequence 170449 from Patent EP1572962.
JD199019 - Sequence 180043 from Patent EP1572962.
KJ896799 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_06193 ACSL3 gene, encodes complete protein.
AK023191 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ13129 fis, clone NT2RP3002969, highly similar to Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3 (EC 6.2.1.3).
AK001471 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ10609 fis, clone NT2RP2005276, highly similar to Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3 (EC 6.2.1.3).
AF116690 - Homo sapiens PRO2194 mRNA, complete cds.
BC012066 - Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4550572), with apparent retained intron.
BC032144 - Homo sapiens acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4548314), partial cds.
JD291449 - Sequence 272473 from Patent EP1572962.
JD454563 - Sequence 435587 from Patent EP1572962.
JD338652 - Sequence 319676 from Patent EP1572962.
JD161934 - Sequence 142958 from Patent EP1572962.
JD091073 - Sequence 72097 from Patent EP1572962.
JD061632 - Sequence 42656 from Patent EP1572962.
JD357073 - Sequence 338097 from Patent EP1572962.
JD503047 - Sequence 484071 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
hsa00071 - Fatty acid metabolism
hsa01100 - Metabolic pathways
hsa03320 - PPAR signaling pathway
hsa04146 - Peroxisome
hsa04920 - Adipocytokine signaling pathway

BioCyc Knowledge Library
PWY-5143 - long-chain fatty acid activation
PWY-5972 - stearate biosynthesis
PWY-6000 - γ-linolenate biosynthesis
PWY-7592 - arachidonate biosynthesis III (6-desaturase, mammals)

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein O95573 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-201035 ACSL1,3,5,6 ligate CoA to PALM to form PALM-CoA
R-HSA-548843 ACSL3,4 ligate CoA to AA to form AA-CoA
R-HSA-75876 Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs
R-HSA-75105 Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis
R-HSA-8978868 Fatty acid metabolism
R-HSA-556833 Metabolism of lipids
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: ACS3, ACSL3_HUMAN, ENST00000357430.1, ENST00000357430.2, ENST00000357430.3, ENST00000357430.4, ENST00000357430.5, ENST00000357430.6, ENST00000357430.7, FACL3, LACS3, NM_203372, O95573, Q60I92, Q8IUM9, uc002vni.1, uc002vni.2, uc002vni.3, uc002vni.4, uc002vni.5
UCSC ID: ENST00000357430.8
RefSeq Accession: NM_004457
Protein: O95573 (aka ACSL3_HUMAN or LCF3_HUMAN)
CCDS: CCDS2455.1

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.