Kim et al., BMB Rep 2010
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On the other hand, GCs potently suppress osteoclast resorptive activity by disrupting its cytoskeleton based on the inhibition of RhoA, Rac and Vav3 in response to macrophage colony stimulating factor van Helden et al., PloS one 2012
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Finally, GM-CSF stimulation, during macrophage and osteoclast differentiation, leads to high expression of Rac2 , while M-CSF induces high levels of RhoA, showing that these cytokines induce a distinct pattern